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101.
Jennifer C. Whitman Jiaying Zhao Kevin H. Roberts Rebecca M. Todd 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):383-394
Despite the scientific consensus, there is widespread public controversy about climate change. Previous explanations focused on interpretations hampered by political bias or insufficient knowledge of climate facts. We propose that public views of climate change may also be related to an attentional bias at a more basic level of cognitive processing. We hypothesized that selective visual attention towards or away from climate-related information would be associated with climate concern. To test prioritization of climate-related stimuli under conditions of limited attention, we asked participants to identify climate-related and neutral words within a rapid stream of stimuli. Undergraduate students attended to climate-related words more readily than neutral words. This attentional prioritization correlated with self-rated climate concern. We then examined this relationship in a more diverse community sample. Principal component analysis of survey data in the community sample revealed a component indexing a relationship between climate concern and political orientation. That component was correlated with the degree of selective inattention to climate-related words. Our findings suggest that climate-related communications may be most effective if tailored in a manner accounting for how attentional priorities differ between audiences—particularly those with different political orientations. 相似文献
102.
Rebecca Caroline Lammas 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(1):40-51
Landscape art provides a window on the world of subjective interpretation and shared perceptions of place. Portraits of places are therefore simultaneously portraits of a society, its preferences and prejudices, and the meaning it imparts to the world. In the nineteenth century, settlers in Africa felt alienated, uncomfortable, abandoned and detached, and their landscape art—both paintings and poetry—was testimony to their emotional and psychological responses to the foreign environment. Both the imported artistic techniques for portraying nat?re and the symbols populating the landscape images revealed the temperament of the pioneers’ attitudes to place. 相似文献
103.
Rebecca A. Lange 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,130(1):1-11
A revised model for the volume and thermal expansivity of K2O-Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 liquids, which can be applied at crustal magmatic temperatures, has been derived from new low temperature (701–1092 K) density
measurements on sixteen supercooled liquids, for which high temperature (1421–1896 K) liquid density data are available. These
data were combined with similar measurements previously performed by the present author on eight sodium aluminosilicate samples,
for which high temperature density measurements are also available. Compositions (in mol%) range from 37 to 75% SiO2, 0 to 27% Al2O3, 0 to 38% MgO, 0 to 43% CaO, 0 to 33% Na2O and 0 to 29% K2O. The strategy employed for the low temperature density measurements is based on the assumption that the volume of a glass
is equal to that of the liquid at the limiting fictive temperature, T
f
′. The volume of the glass and liquid at T
f
′ was obtained from the glass density at 298 K and the glass thermal expansion coefficient from 298 K to T
f
′. The low temperature volume data were combined with the existing high temperature measurements to derive a constant thermal
expansivity of each liquid over a wide temperature interval (767–1127 degrees) with a fitted 1 error of 0.5 to 5.7%. Calibration
of a linear model equation leads to fitted values of Vˉ
i
±1 (cc/mol) at 1373 K for SiO2 (26.86 ± 0.03), Al2O3 (37.42±0.09), MgO (10.71±0.08), CaO (15.41±0.06), Na2O (26.57±0.06), K2O (42.45 ± 0.09), and fitted values of dVˉ
i
/dT (10−3 cc/mol-K) for MgO (3.27±0.17), CaO (3.74±0.12), Na2O (7.68±0.10) and K2O (12.08±0.20). The results indicate that neither SiO2 nor Al2O3 contribute to the thermal expansivity of the liquids, and that dV/dT
liq is independent of temperature between 701 and 1896 K over a wide range of composition. Between 59 and 78% of the thermal
expansivity of the experimental liquids is derived from configurational (vs vibrational) contributions. Measured volumes and
thermal expansivities can be recovered with this model with a standard deviation of 0.25% and 5.7%, respectively.
Received: 2 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 June 1997 相似文献
104.
105.
Fault‐controlled fluid flow inferred from hydrothermal vents imaged in 3D seismic reflection data,offshore NW Australia
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Craig Magee Oliver B. Duffy Kirsty Purnell Rebecca E. Bell Christopher A.‐L. Jackson Matthew T. Reeve 《Basin Research》2016,28(3):299-318
Fluid migration pathways in the subsurface are heavily influenced by pre‐existing faults. Although studies of active fluid‐escape structures can provide insights into the relationships between faults and fluid flow, they cannot fully constrain the geometry of and controls on the contemporaneous subsurface fluid flow pathways. We use 3D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia to map 121 ancient hydrothermal vents, likely related to magmatic activity, and a normal fault array considered to form fluid pathways. The buried vents consist of craters up to 264 m deep, which host a mound of disaggregated sedimentary material up to 518 m thick. There is a correlation between vent alignment and underlying fault traces. Seismic‐stratigraphic observations and fault kinematic analyses reveal that the vents were emplaced on an intra‐Tithonian seabed in response to the explosive release of fluids hosted within the fault array. We speculate that during the Late Jurassic the convex‐upwards morphology of the upper tip‐lines of individual faults acted to channelize ascending fluids and control where fluid expulsion and vent formation occurred. This contribution highlights the usefulness of 3D seismic reflection data to constraining normal fault‐controlled subsurface fluid flow. 相似文献
106.
Tips and tricks in designing management procedures 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
Rademeyer Rebecca A.; Plaganyi Eva E.; Butterworth Doug S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(4):618-625
107.
Galloway TS Brown RJ Browne MA Dissanayake A Lowe D Jones MB Depledge MH 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):233-237
The ECOMAN project was initiated from an awareness of the complexity of the functioning of coastal marine systems and the clear need for more pragmatic environmental assessment techniques linking environmental degradation with its causes. The aim of the project is to develop a suite of easy to use, cost effective and environmentally valid biological responses (biomarkers) to assess the general health of coastal systems, including estuaries. To achieve this aim, various sublethal endpoints are being measured and evaluated from a range of common coastal organisms showing different feeding types (filter feeding, grazing and predation) and habitat requirements (estuary and rocky shore) and at different levels of biological response (cellular, physiological and behavioural). This holistic integrated approach is essential to identify the full impact of chemical contamination on organisms, and enables the sensitivity of organisms to be ranked and key sentinel species for specific habitats to be identified. 相似文献
108.
Michael Whitfield 《Marine Chemistry》1973,1(4):251-266
The Brønsted-Guggenheim hypothesis of specific ionic interaction is used to develop a chemical model for the major electrolyte components in seawater (Na+---K+---Mg2+---Ca2+---Cl−---SO42− at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure. The model is shown to be in essential agreement with models based on the Bjerrum ion-association hypothesis (e.g., Garrels and Thompson, 1962), with calculations based on the ionic hydration and cluster expansion theories of electrolyte solutions, and with available experimental evidence.The Brønsted-Guggenheim model is computationally simpler than the currently accepted Bjerrum model and results directly in the conventional total single-ion activity coefficients that are most commonly required for calculations in seawater equilibria. The simple form of the equations should enable the model to be extended quite readily to cover a wide range of temperature, pressure and solution composition. However, applications are at present restricted by the availability of the appropriate interaction coefficients. 相似文献
109.
Tamara S. Galloway Rebecca J. Brown Mark A. Browne Awantha Dissanayake David Lowe Malcolm B. Jones Michael H. Depledge 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):233
The ECOMAN project was initiated from an awareness of the complexity of the functioning of coastal marine systems and the clear need for more pragmatic environmental assessment techniques linking environmental degradation with its causes. The aim of the project is to develop a suite of easy to use, cost effective and environmentally valid biological responses (biomarkers) to assess the general health of coastal systems, including estuaries. To achieve this aim, various sublethal endpoints are being measured and evaluated from a range of common coastal organisms showing different feeding types (filter feeding, grazing and predation) and habitat requirements (estuary and rocky shore) and at different levels of biological response (cellular, physiological and behavioural). This holistic integrated approach is essential to identify the full impact of chemical contamination on organisms, and enables the sensitivity of organisms to be ranked and key sentinel species for specific habitats to be identified. 相似文献
110.
Lateral water flux in the unsaturated zone: A mechanism for the formation of spatial soil heterogeneity in a headwater catchment
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John P. Gannon Kevin J. McGuire Scott W. Bailey Rebecca R. Bourgault Donald S. Ross 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3568-3579
Measurements of soil water potential and water table fluctuations suggest that morphologically distinct soils in a headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire formed as a result of variations in saturated and unsaturated hydrologic fluxes in the mineral soil. Previous work showed that each group of these soils had distinct water table fluctuations in response to precipitation; however, observed variations in soil morphology also occurred above the maximum height of observed saturation. Variations in unsaturated fluxes have been hypothesized to explain differences in soil horizon thickness and presence/absence of specific horizons but have not been explicitly investigated. We examined tensiometer and shallow groundwater well records to identify differences in unsaturated water fluxes among podzols that show distinct morphological and chemical differences. The lack of vertical hydraulic gradients at the study sites suggests that lateral unsaturated flow occurs in several of the soil units. We propose that the variations in soil horizon thickness and presence/absence observed at the site are due in part to slope‐parallel water flux in the unsaturated portion of the solum. In addition, unsaturated flow may be involved in the translocation of spodic material that primes those areas to contribute water with distinct chemistry to the stream network and represents a potential source/sink of organometallic compounds in the landscape. 相似文献