全文获取类型
收费全文 | 517篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 14篇 |
大气科学 | 43篇 |
地球物理 | 105篇 |
地质学 | 182篇 |
海洋学 | 35篇 |
天文学 | 137篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 29篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有547条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
421.
Evaluation of energy balance closure adjustment methods by independent evapotranspiration estimates from lysimeters and hydrological simulations
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Matthias Mauder Sandra Genzel Jin Fu Ralf Kiese Mohsen Soltani Rainer Steinbrecher Matthias Zeeman Tirtha Banerjee Frederik De Roo Harald Kunstmann 《水文研究》2018,32(1):39-50
Non‐closure of the surface energy balance is a frequently observed phenomenon of hydrometeorological field measurements, when using the eddy‐covariance method, which can be ascribed to an underestimation of the turbulent fluxes. Several approaches have been proposed in order to adjust the measured fluxes for this apparent systematic error. However, there are uncertainties about partitioning of the energy balance residual between the sensible and latent heat flux and whether such a correction should be applied on 30‐min data or longer time scales. The data for this study originate from two grassland sites in southern Germany, where measurements from weighable lysimeters are available as reference. The adjusted evapotranspiration rates are also compared with joint energy and water balance simulations using a physically based distributed hydrological model. We evaluate two adjustment methods: the first one preserves the Bowen ratio and the correction factor is determined on a daily basis. The second one attributes a smaller portion of the residual energy to the latent heat flux than to the sensible heat flux for closing the energy balance for every 30‐min flux integration interval. Both methods lead to an improved agreement of the eddy‐covariance based fluxes with the independent lysimeter estimates and the physically based model simulations. The first method results in a better comparability of evapotranspiration rates, and the second method leads to a smaller overall bias. These results are similar between both sites despite considerable differences in terrain complexity and grassland management. Moreover, we found that a daily adjustment factor leads to less scatter than a complete partitioning of the residual for every half‐hour time interval. The vertical temperature gradient in the surface layer and friction velocity were identified as important predictors for a potential future parameterisation of the energy balance residual. 相似文献
422.
Recent advances are made in earth surface reconstruction with high spatial resolution due to SfM photogrammetry. High flexibility of data acquisition and high potential of process automation allows for a significant increase of the temporal resolution, as well, which is especially interesting to assess geomorphic changes. Two case studies are presented where 4D reconstruction is performed to study soil surface changes at 15 seconds intervals: (a) a thunderstorm event is captured at field scale and (b) a rainfall simulation is observed at plot scale. A workflow is introduced for automatic data acquisition and processing including the following approach: data collection, camera calibration and subsequent image correction, template matching to automatically identify ground control points in each image to account for camera movements, 3D reconstruction of each acquisition interval, and finally applying temporal filtering to the resulting surface change models to correct random noise and to increase the reliability of the measurement of signals of change with low intensity. Results reveal surface change detection with cm‐ to mm‐accuracy. Significant soil changes are measured during the events. Ripple and pool sequences become obvious in both case studies. Additionally, roughness changes and hydrostatic effects are apparent along the temporal domain at the plot scale. 4D monitoring with time‐lapse SfM photogrammetry enables new insights into geomorphic processes due to a significant increase of temporal resolution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
423.
Across-slope bottom boundary layer (BBL) fluxes on the shelf-edge connect this region to deeper waters. Two proposed ways in which across-slope BBL fluxes can occur, in regions that have a slope current aligned to the bathymetry, are the frictional veering of bottom currents termed the ‘Ekman drain’ and through local wind-forced downwelling (wind-driven surface Ekman flow with an associated bottom flow). We investigate the variability, magnitude and spatial scale of BBL fluxes on the Shetland shelf, which has a prominent slope current, using a high-resolution (~2 km) configuration of the MITgcm model. Fluxes are analysed in the BBL at the shelf break near the 200 m isobath and are found to have a seasonal variability with high/low volume transport in winter/summer respectively. By using a multivariate regression approach, we find that the locally wind-driven Ekman transport plays no explicit role in explaining daily bottom fluxes. We can better explain the variability of the across-slope BBL flux as a linear function of the speed and across-slope component of the interior flow, corresponding to an Ekman plus mean-flow flux. We estimate that the mean-flow is a greater contributor than the Ekman flux to the BBL flux. The spatial heterogeneity of the BBL fluxes can be attributed to the mean-flow, which has a much shorter decorrelation length compared to the Ekman flux. We conclude that both the speed and direction of the interior current determines the daily BBL flux. The wind does not explicitly contribute through local downwelling, but may influence the interior current and therefore implicitly the BBL fluxes on longer timescales. 相似文献
424.
Friedemann Baur Ralf Littke Hans Wielens Carolyn Lampe Thomas Fuchs 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
The Jeanne d'Arc basin, on the Grand Banks offshore Newfoundland, is a confined, failed-rift basin. Its initial development and burial history were controlled by crustal stretching and thinning. This study provides a detailed analysis of the heat flow-, tectonic subsidence-, stretching factor-, maturation- and temperature history, based on 44 1D models- and one full 4D (space and time) model. 相似文献
425.
Jörg Berkenhagen Ralf Döring Heino O. Fock Matthias H.F. Kloppmann Søren A. Pedersen Torsten Schulze 《Marine Policy》2010
The current approval procedure for wind farm proposals in the German EEZ only considers site specific conflict analysis between the wind farm and fisheries. Due to the relatively small spatial coverage of the sites potential opportunity losses to the fisheries are always considered as low or negligible. Cumulative effects on fisheries that will occur once all proposed wind farms are in place are not yet considered adequately. However, those cumulative effects will be quite substantial because, in particular, opportunities to catch such valuable species as flatfish will be considerably reduced. 相似文献
426.
427.
正1EarthEnvironmental Sciences Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA2Space ScienceEngineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA 相似文献
428.
Abstract— The chemical composition of suevites, displaced Cretaceous target rocks, and impact‐generated dikes within these rocks from the Yaxcopoil‐1 (Yax‐1) drill core, Chicxulub impact crater, Mexico, is reported and compared with the data from the Yucatán 6 (Y6) samples. Within the six suevite subunits of Yax‐1, four units with different chemical compositions can be distinguished: a) upper/lower sorted and upper suevite (depth of 795–846 m); b) middle suevite (depth of 846–861 m); c) brecciated impact melt rock (depth of 861–885 m); and d) lower suevite (depth of 885–895 m). The suevite sequence (a), (b), and (d) display an increase of the CaO content and a decrease of the silicate basement component from top to bottom. In contrast, the suevite of Y6 shows an inverse trend. The different distances of the Yax‐1 and Y6 drilling sites from the crater center (~60, and ~47 km, respectively) lead to different suevite sequences. Within the Cretaceous rocks of Yax‐1, a suevitic dike (depth of ~916 m) does not display chemical differences when compared with the suevite, while an impact melt rock dike (depth of ~1348 m) is significantly enriched in immobile elements. A clastic breccia dike (depth of ~1316 m) is dominated by material derived locally from the host rock, while the silicate‐rich component is similar to that found in the suevite. Significant enrichments of the K2O content were observed in the Yax‐1 suevite and the impact‐generated dikes. All impactites of Yax‐1 and Y6 are mixtures of a crystalline basement and a carbonate component from the sedimentary cover. An anhydrite component in the impactites is missing (Yax‐1) or negligible (Y6). 相似文献
429.
430.
Katrin Stephan Ralf Jaumann Roland Wagner Dale P. Cruikshank Thomas Roatsch Robert H. Brown Bonnie J. Buratti Tom B. McCord Kevin H. Baines 《Icarus》2010,206(2):631-652
We present a detailed analysis of the variations in spectral properties across the surface of Saturn’s satellite Dione using Cassini/VIMS data and their relationships to geological and/or morphological characteristics as seen in the Cassini/ISS images. This analysis focuses on a local region on Dione’s anti-saturnian hemisphere that was observed by VIMS with high spatial resolution during orbit 16 in October 2005. The results are incorporated into a global context provided by VIMS data acquired within Cassini’s first 50 orbits. Our results show that Dione’s surface is dominated by at least one global process. Bombardment by magnetospheric particles is consistent with the concentration of dark material and enhanced CO2 absorption on the trailing hemisphere of Dione independent of the geology. Local regions within this terrain indicate a special kind of resurfacing that probably is related to large-scale impact process. In contrast, the enhanced ice signature on the leading side is associated with the extended ejecta of the fresh impact crater Creusa (∼49°N/76°W). Although no geologically active regions could be identified, Dione’s tectonized regions observed with high spatial resolution partly show some clean H2O ice implying that tectonic processes could have continued into more recent times. 相似文献