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991.
Following a brief history of measurement of eclipsing binary mass ratios from light curves, we show that photometric mass
ratios for overcontact and semi-detached binaries are reliable because the relative stellar radii, R/a, are accurately measured and not, as commonly claimed, because of information in the light variation outside eclipse. We
explore the accuracy of photometric mass ratios by solving synthetic data of typical precisions for a semi-detached and an
overcontact binary for orbital inclinations from 89∘ down into the partial eclipse range. 相似文献
992.
Brent Wilson 《Geology Today》2006,22(5):194-196
Sea‐level curves are powerful tools for correlation: rocks deposited at the peaks of global transgressions, otherwise known as maximum flooding surfaces, can be correlated theoretically from one region to another. This begs the question: given that geologists can estimate the change in sea‐level between one rock formation and the next, can they discern trends at a smaller scale, within formations? Here I outline how foraminifera can be used to draw time/sea‐level graphs. 相似文献
993.
W. I. Clarkson B. Enoch C. A. Haswell A. J. Norton D. J. Christian A. Collier Cameron S. R. Kane K. D. Horne T. A. Lister R. A. Street R. G. West D. M. Wilson N. Evans A. Fitzsimmons C. Hellier S. T. Hodgkin J. Irwin F. P. Keenan J. P. Osborne N. R. Parley D. L. Pollacco R. Ryans I. Skillen P. J. Wheatley 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(2):851-864
994.
A. M. S. Smith A. Collier Cameron D. J. Christian W. I. Clarkson B. Enoch A. Evans C. A. Haswell C. Hellier K. Horne J. Irwin S. R. Kane T. A. Lister A. J. Norton N. Parley D. L. Pollacco R. Ryans I. Skillen R. A. Street A. H. M. J. Triaud R. G. West P. J. Wheatley D. M. Wilson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,373(3):1151-1158
The evolution of the Alfvén turbulence due to three-wave interactions is discussed using kinetic theory for a collisionless, thermal plasma. There are three low-frequency modes, analogous to the three modes of compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). When only Alfvén waves are considered, the known anisotropy of turbulence in incompressible MHD theory is reproduced. Inclusion of a fast mode wave leads to the separation of turbulence into two regimes: small wave numbers where three-wave processes involving a fast mode are dominant, and large wave numbers where the three Alfvén wave process is dominant. Possible application of the anisotropic Alfvén turbulence to the interstellar medium and dissipation of magnetic energy in magnetars are discussed. 相似文献
995.
We examine the `Group' sunspot numbers constructed by Hoyt and Schatten to determine their utility in characterizing the solar activity cycle. We compare smoothed monthly Group sunspot numbers to Zürich (International) sunspot numbers, 10.7-cm radio flux, and total sunspot area. We find that the Zürich numbers follow the 10.7-cm radio flux and total sunspot area measurements only slightly better than the Group numbers. We examine several significant characteristics of the sunspot cycle using both Group numbers and Zürich numbers. We find that the `Waldmeier Effect' – the anti-correlation between cycle amplitude and the elapsed time between minimum and maximum of a cycle – is much more apparent in the Zürich numbers. The `Amplitude–Period Effect' – the anti-correlation between cycle amplitude and the length of the previous cycle from minimum to minimum – is also much more apparent in the Zürich numbers. The `Amplitude–Minimum Effect' – the correlation between cycle amplitude and the activity level at the previous (onset) minimum is equally apparent in both the Zürich numbers and the Group numbers. The `Even–Odd Effect' – in which odd-numbered cycles are larger than their even-numbered precursors – is somewhat stronger in the Group numbers but with a tighter relationship in the Zürich numbers. The `Secular Trend' – the increase in cycle amplitudes since the Maunder Minimum – is much stronger in Group numbers. After removing this trend we find little evidence for multi-cycle periodicities like the 80-year Gleissberg cycle or the two- and three-cycle periodicities. We also find little evidence for a correlation between the amplitude of a cycle and its period or for a bimodal distribution of cycle periods. We conclude that the Group numbers are most useful for extending the sunspot cycle data further back in time and thereby adding more cycles and improving the statistics. However, the Zürich numbers are slightly more useful for characterizing the on-going levels of solar activity. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
A. E. Firth R. S. Somerville R. G. McMahon O. Lahav R. S. Ellis C. N. Sabbey P. J. McCarthy H.-W. Chen R. O. Marzke J. Wilson R. G. Abraham M. G. Beckett R. G. Carlberg J. R. Lewis C. D. Mackay D. C. Murphy A. E. Oemler S. E. Persson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,332(3):617-646
999.
Hamilton-type geoacoustic models were developed for Area Foxtrot, a shallow water test bed south of Long Island, for emerging active sonar systems where the surface sediment type is highly spatially variable. Reverberation levels (RL) were modeled using the finite-element parabolic equation (FEPE) propagation model to augment the generic sonar model (GSM) propagation model because the bottom loss model in GSM did not estimate transmission loss (TL) accurately in shallow water. FEPE estimates reveal that there is a greater than 15 dB difference between TL for sand and that for silt-day sediments in Area Foxtrot. The comparison between modeled RL and measured RL (from a 1991 active sonar exercise) enabled bottom scattering strength kernels to be developed for Area Foxtrot. Bottom scattering strength was found to be a function of sediment type. Hard sand sediment has a bottom scattering strength which obeys Lambert's law (sin2 &thetas;) while that of silt-clay sediment is consistent with sub-bottom volume scattering (sine). The RLs in Area Foxtrot are azimuth-dependent and are a function of TL and bottom scattering strength (and hence bottom sediment type). Sonar beams steered towards the hard sand show higher RLs than for silt-clay, and knowledge of the sediment type and its spatial variation must be known to model RL accurately. A method to determine sediment type using measured RLs and RL slopes is given 相似文献
1000.
Noam Slonim Rachel Somerville Naftali Tishby Ofer Lahav 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,323(2):270-284
A new method for classification of galaxy spectra is presented, based on a recently introduced information theoretical principle, the information bottleneck . For any desired number of classes, galaxies are classified such that the information content about the spectra is maximally preserved. The result is classes of galaxies with similar spectra, where the similarity is determined via a measure of information. We apply our method to ∼6000 galaxy spectra from the ongoing 2dF redshift survey, and a mock-2dF catalogue produced by a cold dark matter (CDM) based semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find a good match between the mean spectra of the classes found in the data and in the models. For the mock catalogue, we find that the classes produced by our algorithm form an intuitively sensible sequence in terms of physical properties such as colour, star formation activity, morphology, and internal velocity dispersion. We also show the correlation of the classes with the projections resulting from a principal component analysis. 相似文献