地壳增长与壳—幔再循环

在会聚边缘的地壳增长目前是由地壳从地幔中的萃取作用所支配的,这是一个只能间接观察到的过程。在现代的会聚边缘,常见于地壳最上部的玄武岩和安山岩(及相应的侵入岩)并非直接源于地幔(如它们不是地幔的初始成分)。例如,在阿留申岛弧,橄榄拉斑玄武岩已被认作是初始岩浆,它与普通高铝玄武岩有关,而后者是由积聚在莫霍面深处的橄榄石和辉石的分离作用所形成的,并代表一个新生的上地幔,更常见的浅部富铝质火山岩及深成岩可以由高铝玄武岩的壳内组分分异、岛弧地壳低熔组分的同化、地壳熔融所形成,或者是诸过程结合的产物。每个岛弧真正的地壳剖面取决于岛弧     

卡鲁溢流玄武岩由地幔羽—岩石圈混合作用形成的Re—Os同位素证据

大量证据表明大陆溢流玄武岩省与地幔羽活动有关。然而，溢流玄武岩所具有的放射性同位素特征往往超出了地幔羽源区（如海岛玄武岩所证实的）范围。这些特征较易解释为大陆岩石圈源于将温度较低的，难熔的地幔岩石圈贡献了富集同位素的（低＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ）物质。然而，对于将温度较低的，难熔的地幔岩石圈作为玄武质岩浆的一个重要源区的模式有不少反对意见。关于玄武岩的成因，Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ体系可以对地幔羽和大陆下岩石     

Impacts of diverted freshwater on dissolved organic matter and microbial communities in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, U.S.A

Here we present results of an initial assessment of the impacts of a water diversion event on the concentrations and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacterioplankton community composition in Barataria Bay, Louisiana U.S.A, an important estuary within the Mississippi River Delta complex. Concentrations and spectral properties of DOM, as reflected by UV/visible absorbance and fluorescence, were strikingly similar at 26 sites sampled along transects near two western and two eastern areas of Barataria Bay in July and September 2010. In September 2010, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was significantly higher (568.1-1043 μM C, x=755.6+/-117.7 μM C, n=14) than in July 2010 (249.1-577.1 μM C, x=383.7+/-98.31 μM C, n=14); conversely, Abs254 was consistently higher at every site in July (0.105-0.314) than in September (0.080-0.221), averaging 0.24±0.06 in July and 0.15±0.04 in September. Fluorescence data via the fluorescence index (FI450/500) revealed that only 30% (8 of 26) of the July samples had an FI450/500 above 1.36, compared to 96% (25 of 26) for the September samples. This indicates a more terrestrial origin for the July DOM. Bacterioplankton from eastern sites differed in composition from bacterioplankon in western sites in July. These differences appeared to result from reduced salinities caused by the freshwater diversion. Bacterioplankton communities in September differed from those in July, but no spatial structure was observed. Thus, the trends in bacterioplankton and DOM were likely due to changes in water masses (e.g., input of Mississippi River water in July and a return to estuarine waters in September). Discharge of water from the Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion (DPFD) through Barataria Bay may have partially mitigated some adverse effects of the oil spill, inasmuch as DOM is concerned.     

与裂谷有关的极小正断层组分的几何形态和比例关系

与裂谷有关的极小正断层组分的几何形态和比例关系ＲｏｙＷ．Ｓｃｈｌｉｓｃｈ等过去十年中断层组分一直是广泛研究的主题。许多工作集中于确定断层组分的比例关系，包括断层尺寸的分布，位移和长度之间的关系，以及断层作用容纳的应变。许多断层组分表现出断层规模的幂函...     

青藏高原东部地壳运动的GPS测量

在青藏高原晚新生代隆升过程中形成了一系列走滑断裂,这些断裂是否驱使地壳块体向东作长距离的滑移或逃逸,并成为东亚大陆及相邻海域地质构造的主要动力因素,是当前地学界关注的重大科学命题。对此,出现了众说纷     

降水随机模拟中的超离差现象

简单的随机模式拟合的日降水量时间序列具有过低估计月（或季）总降水观察（或年际）变化的显著趋势。研究发展一种称为链相关过程的特殊类型的随机模式，估计了“超离差（ｏｖｅｒｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎ）”现象的程度，这种现象可归因子模式对降水的高频变化考虑不充分。对加利福尼亚奇科（Ｃｈｉｃｏ，Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ）１月份日降水量，拟合更复杂的随机模式，大大地减少月总降水方差的过程估计，通过利用日降水出现的高阶马