美国诺阿卫星计划：迈向21世纪的新进展

文章译自美国国家海洋大气局（ＮＯＡＡ）、国家环境卫星数据及服务局（ＮＥＳＤＩＳ）局长Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ Ｓ．Ｗｉｎｏｋｕｒ的报告。文章介绍了迈向２１世纪的美国诺阿环境卫星坟墓和卫星遥感应用技术的进展，使读者了解未来美国极轨气象卫星系统、极具前景的三维温，湿变量卫星遥感反演以及静止气象卫星最新遥感应用技术发展的前景。     

世界地学研究迎来新阶段 我国不应错失良机

1994年2月,中国科学院地学部召集我国21位地球科学院士在北京召开了“上天、入地、下海—地学新技术新方法咨询”(入地部分)会议。会议认为,当前世界地球科学研究已迎来新的阶段,我国不应再错失良机。 汪品先院士和中科院海洋研究所秦蕴珊先生指出:深海钻探(DSDP)/大洋钻探(ODP)是“下海”再“入地”的巨型国际地球科学合作计划,是研究地球系统演化的最佳途     

A field experimental study on recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthic community in sediment contaminated with industrial wastes

A field experiment was carried out in Hong Kong to study the patterns of recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthos in defaunated sediment contaminated with industrial wastes and to determine the time required for benthic recovery in the industrial-contaminated sediment. A total of 50 species was found with an average of 172 animals/tray and 24 species/tray recorded one month after deployment. Initial colonizers were predominantly polychaetes (96 animals/tray, accounting for 55.7%) and gastropods (47 animals/tray, accounting for 27.2%). Abundance of macrobenthos increased quickly to a peak (505 animals/tray) after four months, declined afterwards, and increased again till the end of the experiment. Species number peaked (57 species/tray) in the same month as abundance did, and gradually declined thereafter. Abundance, species number and diversity were significantly lower in the industrial-contaminated sediment as compared to the controls during the early successional stages, indicating the harmful effects of industrial wastes on recolonization and succession of macrobenthos. Although no significant differences in community parameters between the industrial-contaminated and the control sediments were found after eleven months, significant difference in species composition still existed after fourteen months, showing a relatively long-term impact of industrial wastes on macrobenthic community structure.     

Comparative effects of the blue green algae Nodularia spumigena and a lysed extract on detoxification and antioxidant enzymes in the green lipped mussel (Perna viridis)

Nodularia spumigena periodically proliferates to cause toxic algal blooms with some aquatic animals enduring and consuming high densities of the blue green algae or toxic lysis. N. spumigena contains toxic compounds such as nodularin and lipopolysaccharides. This current work investigates physiological effects of exposure from bloom conditions of N. spumigena cells and a post-bloom lysis. Biochemical and antioxidative biomarkers were comparatively studied over an acute 3-day exposure. In general, a post-bloom N. spumigena lysis caused opposite physiological responses to bloom densities of N. spumigena. Specifically, increases in glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreases in glutathione S-transferase (GST) were observed from the N. spumigena lysis. In contrast, N. spumigena cell densities decreased GSH and increased GST and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in mussels. Findings also suggest that at different stages of a toxic bloom, exposure may result in toxic stress to specific organs in the mussel.     

展望未来：新的观测系统及其对中尺度研究和业务的影响

1.引言过去10年间,发表了许多有关未来观测系统的文章和令人鼓舞的新技术的描述,如Serafin,Lhermitte和Atlas(1981);Serafin,Debberdt和Cooper(1987);Serafin,Szejwach和Phillips(1986);Strauch(1988);以及其他人的文章.把过去10年取得的进步同许多论文中对未来技术方法重大发展的预     

美国蒙大拿卡尼湾干谷钼矿的流体包裹体和相平衡研究：CO2对辉钼矿…

卡尼湾干谷的钼矿床以网状脉化和矽卡岩化为特征。然而不同的围岩有明显不同的矿物组合。在卡尼湾岩株中，辉钼矿产于典型的石英－钾长石或石英－白云母脉中。在围岩中，辉钼矿产于绿泥石＋黄铁矿＋磁铁矿中，其中包含有不同量的石英、方解石和绿帘石。包含于石英和萤石中的原始流体包裹体有水溶液、液体ＣＯ２和气体ＣＯ２。     

Detection of Extended Thermal Infrared Emission around the Vega-like Source HD 141569

We report the detection of extended IR emission at 10.8 and 18.2 μm around the Vega-like source HD 141569. Mid-IR imaging with OSCIR on Keck II shows emission from dust extending out to 100 AU from the B9.5 Ve star. Our modeling of the dust places an upper limit of approximately 2 μm on the diameter of the mid-IR-emitting particles if they are Mie spheres of astronomical silicates. Comparison of our mid-IR images to the near-IR (1.1 μm) NICMOS images of HD 141569 (Weinberger et al. 1999) shows that the mid-IR emission originates at smaller distances from the star than the scattered near-IR light, as also previously observed for the archetype Vega-like source beta Pictoris.