中国地质学会成立80周年庆祝活动方案

2002年是中国地质学会成立80周年,80年来中国地质学会一直锲而不舍地团结广大会员艰苦奋斗,为促进我国地质科学和地质事业的发展做出了重大贡献。在新中国,更起到了党和政府联系广大地质工作者的桥梁和纽带作用。中国地质学会的80岁生日正值新世纪之始,为了回顾20世纪我国地质科学和地质事业的发展经历和展望21世纪我国地质科学和地质事业的光辉未来,激励广大会员献身地     

Biological fractionation of Zn isotopes in aquatic invertebrates

Recent advances in analytical instrumentation have made it more feasible to measure isotope ratios of many elements. In particular, modem multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers can measure isotope ratios of many elements with extremely high precision. As a consequence, we can begin to explore biological fractionation in a systematic way and hence develop isotope ratio measurements as a tool to explore the environmental geochemistry of trace metals. In this presentation we will discuss the problems and potential of measuring isotope ratios of zinc in biological samples from systems with non-specific contamination. This will include such issues as the importance of matrix removal to the measurement of valid isotope ratios, mass bias correction and the availability of standard reference materials. Recent data on isotope ratios of Zn in the aquatic invertebrate Mysis relicta will be presented. These animals are of particular interest because they changed their feeding pattern from juveniles to adults. Thus they can be used to test the hypothesis that differences in the isotopic signature of food sources may determine receptor signatures. The data indicate that there are significant differences in signatures at the different life stages. However, the continual uptake and loss of metals over an organism＇s life span may also lead to fractionation.     

金矿床中黄铁矿-毒砂-辉锑矿标型及金的赋存状态——以湖南省金矿床为例

湖南及类似地区的金矿床,金高度富集在黄铁矿、毒砂和辉锑矿中.这些载金的硫（砷）化物具有各自特征性的标型.由于黄铁矿、尤其是毒砂中的金大多属于质点小于0.1 μm的不可见金,不仅在光学显微镜下无法找到,即使利用电子探针和在高倍电镜下进行金的特征X射线扫描亦未发现金矿物富集区.由此引起了这类矿物中的金是呈超微细粒形式存在,还是以类质同像存在于其矿物晶格中的不同看法.所以,研究黄铁矿和毒砂的标型特征,查明金的赋存状态,对金的利用十分重要.经有关矿床多项实验研究及选矿试验结果,认为黄铁矿与毒砂中的不可见金,除次显微金外主要应为“纳米金”（矿物金）,而非晶格金（结构金）.     

地质断面不连续性的模拟

地下地质的几何模拟是目前石油勘探企业的一项关键工作,对构造变形严重的复杂区块进行模拟不仅需要能够正确处理地质体的几何形态如断层和地层的工具,还需要能够处理这些地质体之间的关系的工具,尤其是,一个断层可被一个面,也可被一个平移矢量场,此外,一个断层可被看俐断层两边之间的一种超连接,并允许存在几何性位移的地层的物理性质连续。利用离散平滑内插方法,可以设计一种考虑上述性质的内插限制条件。     

白垩纪末期生物大批死亡引起的环境变化及其演化意义

DSDP 524区中生代最晚期和第三纪最早期的沉积物中,保存着白垩纪末期环境变化和生物演化的详细纪录。我们对该孔进行了加密取样,样品间距大致相当于100年或1000年的时间间隔,同时对样品进行了碳酸盐含量、微量元素成分及碳氧同位素分析。我们所得到的数据可以解释为白垩纪末期生物大批死亡的结果,当时大量远洋地区的生物扫地以尽。养料锐减导致部分从河流带来的溶解CO_2转移到大气圈,致使在长达40,000年的时间内,空气中的CO_2剧增。由此产生的温室效应就是氧同位素所揭示的温度升高的原因。 第三纪最早期沉积物中,包括来自“白垩纪生物群”中的化石,有的已经过再沉积作用,有的则是这场灾难的最后幸存者。我们的资料表明,大量远洋生物的灭绝是在第三纪最早期的不利环境中发生的。而这种异常的环境则是生物大批死亡的结果,且持续有几千年之久。恐龙就是因为温度灾难性升高产生的热异常而灭绝的。 大洋中生物大批灭绝的原因,与巨大的天外星体的陨落有关,界线附近的铱异常即其标志,我们的资料与许靖华不久前发表的彗星冲击说是不抵触的。     

Geodynamic evolution of the Tethyan lithosphere as recorded in the Spontang Ophiolite,South Ladakh ophiolites(NW Himalaya,India)

The Spontang Ophiolite complex represents the most complete ophiolite sequence amongst the South Ladakh ophiolites and comprises mantle rocks(depleted harzburgites,dunites and minor lherzolites)as well as crustal rocks(basalt,isotropic gabbros,layered gabbros etc.).In the present study,detailed geochemistry(whole rock as well as mineral chemistry)and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses of thirty-six ultramaficmafic samples have been attempted to constraint the evolution and petrogenetic history of the Tethyan oceanic crust.Major,trace-element and REE patterns of the peridotites and their minerals indicate that the lherzolites experienced lower degrees of partial melting resembling abyssal peridotites(at higher temperatures,TREE=$1216℃)than the harzburgites(6%–8%versus 15%–17%).Elevated eNd(t)and variable⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶ Sr(t)ratios along with REE patterns suggest that the Spontang mafic rocks display N-MORB affinity with negligible participation of oceanic sediments in their genesis are originated from a depleted upper mantle with little contribution from subduction-related fluids.MORB-type Neotethyan oceanic crust is associated with the earliest phase of subduction(of older Jurassic age)through which a younger intra-oceanic island arc(Spong arc)subsequently developed.Harzburgites REE display typical U-shaped patterns,suggesting that these rocks have been metasomatized by LREE-enriched fluids.On the other side,mafic rocks are characterized by heterogeneous(Nb/La)PMand(Hf/Sm)PMand relatively homogeneous eNd(t),indicating interaction of subduction-related melts with the upper mantle during the initiation of subduction,in Early Cretaceous times.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油成藏控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育我国典型的低渗透和特低渗透油气资源,其油藏呈现出储层致密、储集砂体预测难度大、成藏机理复杂等特征.目前,根据勘探开发实践,长庆油田成功实现对渗透率大于0.3×10^-3μm²油藏的开发,目前正在开展渗透率为(0.1~0.3)×10^-3 μm²致密砂岩储层的技术攻关.笔者结合国外最新致密油气资源研究成果和鄂尔多斯盆地延长组低渗透油藏的特征,从延长组致密油分布、致密油流体特征、赋存状态、储集体和致密油形成的控制因素入手,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油形成与分布规律进行了探讨.确定了延长组致密油形成的控制因素:①长7优质烃源岩分布范围广,生烃强度大,为致密油形成提供了充足的油源供给和资源基础;②大面积广泛展布的复合叠加的碎屑岩储集体,为致密油藏形成提供了储集空间;③油页岩与致密砂岩互层共生,形成了近源成藏的有利配置关系;④成藏期生烃增压,致密储层石油充注程度高,为致密油形成提供了运移动力.     

梅雨锋及其低空急流的数值模拟

使用二维锋面模式研究了东亚梅雨锋的结构与特征,并讨论了湿度和地面通量对梅雨锋的影响及其有关的低空急流。