Possible ion-acoustic soliton formation in the ionospheric perturbations observed on DEMETER before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake

The data of ionospheric perturbations observed on DEMETER before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake are analyzed. The three-component plasma (ions, electrons and heavy ions) is studied in the fluid concept. The linear dispersion relation for ion-acoustic wave is found in the presence of heavy ions. The nonlinear dynamics is studied for arbitrary amplitude of the wave. The Sagdeev potential is calculated, which shows that solitary structure exists for Mach number within a range defined by the presence of heavy ions. ...     

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE BENDS

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A database of archived drilling records of the drill cuttings piles at the North West Hutton oil platform

Drill cuttings piles are found underneath several hundred oil platforms in the North Sea, and are contaminated with hydrocarbons and chemical products. This study characterised the environmental risk posed by the cuttings pile at the North West Hutton (NWH) oil platform. Data on the drilling fluids and chemical products used over the platform's drilling history were transferred from archived well reports into a custom database, to which were added toxicological and safety data. Although the database contained many gaps, it established that only seven chemical products used at NWH were not in the lowest category of the Offshore Chemicals Notification Scheme, and were used in only small quantities. The study therefore supports the view that the main environmental risk posed by cuttings piles comes from hydrocarbon contamination. The (dated) well records could help future core sampling to be targeted at specific locations in the cuttings piles. Data from many platforms could also be pooled to determine generic 'discharge profiles.' Future study would benefit from the existence, in the public domain, of a standardised, 'legacy' database of chemical products.     

Emigration,return, immigration: a review and evaluation of Greece's postwar experience of international migration

"This paper offers a review and evaluation of the Greek experience of international migration.... The analysis is based partly on available published data, and partly on qualitative appraisals. Three major international migration phases are analysed--emigration, return migration and immigration--and the main socio-economic and cultural effects of these migration trends are discussed. The paper pays particular attention to the recent mass immigration movements, noting their heterogeneity...and describing their impact on the Greek labour market. The article concludes with some comments on the difficulties of formulating a Greek migration policy in the light of the country's location, open borders and internationalized economy."     

兴化湾海域石油类污染状况与控制对策

应用兴化湾海域枯、丰水期(2006年12月、2007年4月),大、小潮期的水质监测资料,分析了该海域水体中石油类的分布特征,并根据不同的海洋功能区的水质要求,选取第二、三类海水水质标准值为指标,采用单项指数法,评价了兴化湾海水中石油类的污染程度.结果表明,该海域石油类浓度范围为0.003~0.320 mg/L,高值区主要分布于江阴半岛西南侧.枯水期的石油类浓度远高于丰水期,其中,位于水质二类区的站位超标率分别为71.0%和17.0%,水质三类区中航道和锚地区站位的超标率分别为3.6%和0;总体超标率则分别为47.5%和11.0%;与历史资料的对比结果表明,兴化湾石油类浓度的变化幅度较大,可能与船舶突发性事件有关,并且浓度总体呈上升趋势.此外,还讨论了相应的污染控制对策措施.     

大气环流模式中陆地水过程参数化的现状

(译者加)近年来,全球干旱等现象的模拟研究受到广泛的重视,而模拟的结果在一定程度上依赖于GCM中陆地水过程参数化的改进。这种状况促进了陆地水过程参数化的研究。本文对之进行了较系统的评述,首先回顾了GCM中现行的参数化方案,然后讨论了植被覆盖在地-气相互作用中的重要性以及这方面的研究状况,最后叙述了陆地水过程参数化中的主要困难。     

八十年代气象雷达发展展望

一、现状当七十年代开始的时候,多普勒雷达才刚刚开始成为一种可行的定量研究工具。现在多普勒雷达已不再是一种稀奇的东西,它已经达到了非相干雷达的同等地位,成为众所公认的气象探测工具。数字计算机和集成电路的迅猛发展,对于多普勒     

Some experiments with multivariate objective analysis scheme of heights and winds using optimum interpolation

A two-dimensional, multitvariate objective analysis scheme for simultaneous analysis of geopotential height and wind fields has been developed over Indian and adjoining region for use in numerical weather prediction. The height-height correlations calculated using daily data of four July months (1976-1979), are used to derive the other autocorrelations and cross-correlations assuming geostropic relationship. A Gaussian function is used to model the autocorrelation function. Since the scheme is multivariate the regression coefficients (weights) are matrix.Near the equator, the geostrophic approximation relating mass and wind is decoupled in a way similar to Bergman (1979). The objective analyses were made over Indian and adjoining region for 850, 700, 500, 300 and 200 hPa levels for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, 12 GMT. The analyses obtained using multivariate optimum in-terpolation scheme depict the synoptic situations satisfactorily. The analyses were also compared with the FGGE ana-lyses (from ECMWF) and also with the station observations by computing the root mean square (RMS) errors and the RMS errors are comparable with those obtained in other similar studies.