LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE HURRICANE FORMATION OVER THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

A contrasting study of the large-scale circulation features responsible for months or seasons with many hurricanes and those with few hurricanes has revealed that the frequency of hurricane formation over the North Atlantic Ocean is enhanced by the following conditions:There exists a well-developed subtropical high-pressure belt displaced to the north; a deep Icelandic low; a stronger-than-normal polar vortex with a deep polar trough dipping far southward along the eastern part of the United States; a dominant high-pressure ridge over western Canada and the United States; and a jet stream displaced northward over these regions. At 200 hPa, an anomalous anticyclonic circulation prevails over the subtropical North Atlantic. A stronger-than-normal upper easterly flow prevails. Positive sea surface temperature anomalies prevailing on a seasonal or long-term basis tend to be favorable for the formation of hurricanes.     

LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION CONDITIONS AFFECTINGTHE TYPHOON FORMATION OVER THENORTHWEST PACIFIC

A contrasting study of the large-scale circulation features responsible for months with many typhoons and months with tew typhoons has revealed that the frequency of typhoon formation over the Northwest Pacific is related to the following conditions:Over the Northwest Pacific, a well-defined ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) extending eastward to 160°E was displaced to 20°N. At 200 mb, an extensive anomalous anticyclonic circulation prevails over the western and central Pacific. The condition characteristic of a break in the monsoon prevailed in India. The monsoon trough at 500 mb and at the surface over the Indian Peninsula was relatively weak and was accompanied by higher-than-normal rainfall in the northern part of India and lower-than-normal rainfall over the peninsula. In addition, the polar vortex tends to be weak and move to the side of the Northern Hemisphere, opposite to the North Pacific. Finally, abnormally warm water was observed over the Central and Eastern Pacific and abnormally cold     

Diatom quantification and their distribution with salinity brines in coastal sediments of Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica)

Benthic diatoms represent an important element of global nutritional productivity; to raise attention on their role, which is often neglected due to analytical difficulties, surface (1 cm top layer) coastal sediments from Gerlache inlet to Penguin Bay at Terra Nova Bay were collected and stored at -20 °C. DNA amplification by real-time PCR, based on diatom-specific oligonucleotide primers designed on small-subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA), was performed in addition to diatom conventional cell counting and spectrophotometric determination of photo-pigments. Moreover, cations and anions were determined in sediments with the aim to identify factors involved in the control of diatom abundance. Diatom distribution was found quite heterogeneous displaying significant differences from site to site. The salinity in sediments ranged from 45.1 at Gerlache inlet to 76.2 at Penguin Bay and it was correlated with cell abundance, biodiversity, amount of pigments and amplified DNA. The dominant species, Fragilariopsis curta, was associated to sediment salinity brines.     

Residues of 14C-4n-nonylphenol in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) oocytes and embryos during dietary exposure of mature females to this xenohormone

In order to assess in fish the maternal transfer of alkylphenolic compounds to the progeny, the identification and quantification of the labelled compounds present in oocytes and embryos was conducted after dietary exposure of mature female mosquitofish to 14C-4n-nonylphenol during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis respectively. Radioactivity found in bile and liver extracts accounted for 0.9-0.6 and 0.2-0.1% of ingested radioactivity for females exposed during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis respectively. The amount of extractable radioactivity present in oocytes and embryos was 0.19 and 0.07% of the ingested dose respectively. The radio-HPLC profiles obtained from bile, liver, oocyte and embryo extracts were similar. They showed the presence of 4n-NP-glucuronide as the major metabolite and traces of unchanged 4n-NP. The other metabolites corresponded to 8-hydroxynonylphenol, 9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-nonanoic acid and para-hydroxybenzoic acid which is the final product of the alkyl chain oxidation. Our results indicate that exposure of ovoviviparous female fish to 4-NP during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis leads to the contamination of the progeny by 4-NP and its metabolites.     

不容忽视的海洋负面效应——略论青岛的海洋灾害的防灾、减灾对策

论述了青岛地区历史上海洋灾害的灾情和灾种,并对防灾、减灾提出若干建议和对策。     

浮游有孔虫的氧同位素组成中记录的与1997～1998年厄尔尼诺有关的海平面温度异常

过去几年中 ,我们在北大西洋东部边缘两处即加利福尼亚湾的瓜伊马斯盆地和南加利福尼亚边缘的圣巴巴拉盆地进行了沉积物捕获的实验 ,这些实验研究的主要目的是根据ＥＮＳＯ（ＥｌＮｉｎｏ＿ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＯｓｃｉｌｌａ ｔｉｏｎ）计算沉积物生产和通量的季节性和年间变化。为了重建这些地区的ＥＮＳＯ的长期历史 ,该项目包括辨别和标定适用于沉积物记录的气候指标。在该研究区 ,我们评价了浮游有孔虫方解石的氧同位素特征如何很好地记录海平面的快速变化。瓜伊马斯盆地一年内海平面温度（ＳＳＴｓ）的变化为１５℃（１７～３２℃）,圣…     

充满希望的热土——写在浦东开发开放五周年之际

浦东开发是历史赋予上海的一个前所未有的历史的机遇。回首浦东开发开放5年的历程,踏上浦东这块炙手可热的土地,我们可以从点与面的镶嵌中,从条与线的交融里,睁大眼睛惊奇的发现:浦东——“龙头”,正在腾起!     

沙蚕投喂池养虾技术

１沙蚕的主要用途用沙蚕养殖对虾的研究成果早已推广，且在不少地方取得了节约饵料１０～４０％、提高产量３０～３５％的较好效果［２，３］。但是，由于沙蚕自身进行新陈代谢需要耗氧，且具杂食的习性．因此，有时也发生争夺饵料，出现缺氧。在用沙蚕养虾的过程中，沙蚕和对虾之间的关系并非固定不变，沙蚕也并不总是处于被对虾捕食的地位。近年有不少地方，由于用沙蚕养虾，出现对虾小苗成活率极低，甚至全无的现象。在文登市销售的虾苗中发现，在同一批虾苗中，只是由于买主不同，虾苗成活率高低相差悬殊。分析发现：凡是虾苗成活率低的…     

Purchase Forecast of Scomheromorus niphonius (C. & V) During the Spring Fishing Season in Shandong Province

This paper has analysed the relationship between the purchase of blue spotted Markerel and the environmental conditions during the spring fishing season in Shandung Province by the stage regression analysis method based on the traditional correlation method.