北太平洋海平面气压的EOF分析与北方涛动

本文利用自然正交函数(E0F)分析方法,对1951—1980年北太平洋月平均海平面气压距平场进行分解,讨论了自然正交函数前两个最重要的特征向量的空间分布及其年际变化的特征。指出第一特征向量的模型在西太平洋低纬地区有最大的凝聚,其时间系数序列与马尼拉站气压距平的年际变化很相似,而第二特征向量的模型在东太平洋副热带地区有最大的凝聚,其时间系数序列与 Ship N站气压距平的年际变化也很一致,并且由这两个特征向量的时间系数定义的北方涛动指数同由Ship N和马尼拉两个单站的气压距平定义的北方涛动指数之间有很好的对应关系。由于第一和第二特征向量的大尺度特征,及其表示了北太平洋气压年际变化总方差的30.5％,可以认为,马尼拉和Ship N站的气压距平在空间上是有代表性的,并且北方涛动在北太平洋大气环流年际变化中占有头等重要地位。     

重力滑动过程中蠕滑和松弛因素的作用及其与地震的关系

本文根据岩体自身的力学性质及其变化,讨论了具有挤压特征的正断层的成因。认为这些断层的形成有岩体本身的重力作用,同时也有应力松弛现象。岩体中的应力松弛现象是由流变学因素和非流变学因素引起的。由于松弛后岩体沿断层面滑动过程中,仍受到一定的挤压作用,因此易于出现粘滑现象,从而易于发生地震。     

BLOCKING EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM ON THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-INTENSE HEAVY RAIN

Commonly the centre of an intense heavy rain occurs in a very limited area,but for the three extra-intense heavy rains of the present study,63-8 in North China,75-8 in central China and 77-8 in the desertregion of Inner Mongolia,which all appeared under the environments of“Western Low and Eastern Blocking”(EB)pattern.From this study,the following effects of the EB are found:(1)It affects the precipitationsystems staggering in a local place and/or changes the trajectories of low votices and urges them into thesame raining areas intermittently.(2)It transports water vapour into raining areas.The air flows by thewest side of EB produce strong cyclonic vorticity behind EB frequently,which transports water vapour andforms mesoscale precipitation systems more favourably than the low level jets.(3)Air flows behind EB con-jugate with adequate topographic relief,which enhances the precipitation and makes the raining areas over-lapped.So that extra-intense heavy rains could occur in higher latitudes of semi-aird areas,and occasionallyeven in the desert region of North China.Such extra-intense heavy rains could not be explained by static local humidity and temperature only.This is also a principal discrimination between the prolonged extra-intense heavy rain and the short-rangeconvective precipitation and/or the common precipitation.     

The Rapid Inversion of 3-D Potential Field and Program Design

The application of three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic fields is very important not only in geophysical researches, but also in the study of geological structures. A formula of potential field in frequency-domain, developed by Parker in 1973, can be used as a rapid and effective algorithm in gravity and magnetic inversion. The technique has been improved then by Oldenburg, Sprenke, Feng and others.In addition to a brief introduction of Parker's algorithm and its applications, this paper includes the following five parts: basic computational techniques, inversion of single layer, convergence and constraints, simultaneous inversion for density and topography as well as inversion of multilayers. The authors present relevant practical iterative formulas and its varieties when density distribution varies with depth in linear or exponential relation. In order to maintain computation stability and speed up iteration convergence, some approaches are taken in the program design, for instance shifting lower interface of the studied layer, inverting corrections of topography, reducing grid boundary effects and utilizing low-pass filter. With the consideration of the nonuniqueness of the inversion, a method of using seismic data to constrain the range ofpossible models is discussed. It is pointed out that the density variation generates less effects than those of topography on the spectrum of gravity anomaly in second order. Therefore density contrast and topography can be inverted simultaneously by an alternative weighting iteration. By analogy, the inversion of multilayer model can be done in the above procedure. An approach of model decomposition is useful in the computation of multilayer model. The techniques discussed in the present paper for gravitational field are also valid for magnetic field.     

The Chemical Composition of Global Subducting Sediments and Its Geological Significance

Subducted sediments play an important role in crust-mantle interaction and deep mantle processes, especially for subduction zone magmatism and mantle geochemistry. The current rate of Global Subducting Sediments (GLOSS) is 0.5~0.7 km³/a. The GLOSS are composed of terrigenous material(76 wt.%), calcium carbonate(7 wt.%), opal(10 wt.%) and mineral-bound H₂O⁺(7 wt.%). The chemical compositions of GLOSS are similar to those of upper continental crust which is mainly controlled by the terrigenous materials, and yet the materials formed by marine processes will dilute the terrigenous materials. The components of subducted sediments are different among trenches. In the accretionary margin, the components of subducted sediments are similar to those of the upper crust, while in the non-accretionary margin the components are terrigenous materials plus those produced by marine processes. During subduction, subducted sediments will released fluids, melt or supercritical fluid to affect island arc/back-arc basin magmatism by means of aqueous fluid or sediment melt. In addition, a part of subducted sediments, together with underlying altered oceanic crust/lithosphere, recycle into the mantle and contribute to the mantle heterogeneity. Geochemical tracers indicate that subducted sediments play variable contributions to the magmatic processes in different tectonic setting. Thus, subducted sediments play an important role in two relatively independent dynamics systems (plate tectonics and mantle plume), as well as related mantle evolution models. As a result, by accurately calculating the compositions of subduction sediments and using various geochemical indicators, we can further limit the input and output fluxes of various elements or isotopes, and then obtain more accurately residual subducted components, which can provide us some important clues for geodynamic process.     

齐依求金矿中微球粒特征

首次报道齐依求金矿中微球粒的发现，对微球粒形态特征、表面及断面结构、物理特性、矿物组成、化学成分进行分析测试，并就其成因作了初步探讨，认为属宇宙成因。     

塔里木盆地北部构造样式

塔里木盆地北部发育５种典型的构造样式；基底卷入型压性逆冲构造组成、盖层滑脱型逆冲－褶皱构造组合、隐刺穿刺底檗同幅度褶皱构造组合及张性正断层组合，无论是构造变形时间还是组合分布，在塔北均呈现规律变化，其变形特征及发布受如下３个地质因素控制：（１）区域挤压作用；（２）岩性条件的差异：（２）先期构造格局。     

大兴安岭中南段金属矿床流体包裹体研究

作者通过在不同温度下对包裹体特征、相变行为的系统观察与测定，以及对包裹体气、液相成分的分析、获取了研究区内主要矿床成矿过程中成矿液体的温度、盐度、密度、流体成分、流体的沸腾现象、成矿压力以及ＰＨ，Ｅｈ，Ｆｏ２，还原参数等成矿的物理化学参数，从而为划分矿化蚀变阶段，矿床类型、成矿系列和深化对矿床成矿作用与成矿机制的认识提供了科学依据。尽管矿床属于不同的成矿系列，只要矿床类型相同，矿床的流体包裹体地球     

北山地区早二叠世“哲斯动物群”特征

北山地区下二叠统以碎屑岩为主，夹碳酸盐岩及火山岩，属活动型滨海－浅海沉积。在弱水以东的巴丹吉林地区称为埋汗哈达组和阿其德组，由下而上共识别为４个腕足群落：（１）Ｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒｅｌｌａ－Ｋｏｃｈｉｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｕｓ群落；（２）Ｅｌｉｖａ－Ａｌｅｘａｎｉａ群落；（３）Ｐａｒａｍａｒｇｉｎｉｆｅｒａ－Ｔｒａｎｓｅｎｎａｔｉａ群落；（４）Ｗａａｇｅｎｏｃｏｎｃｈａ－Ｌｉｎｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｕｓ群落。在弱水以西的马鬃山地区，划分为双堡塘组和金塔组，原定菊石滩组可能应归并于双堡塘组，仅上述的第１个Ｓ．－Ｋ．群落较发育。据生物对比，本区下二叠统的沉积时代，大致相当于华南的栖霞期至茅口期。上述群落具“哲斯动物群”特征，但与哲斯地区不同的是，本区缺失科而富含菊石。其总貌仍属北极海冷水型动物群。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北部泛滥平原全新世沉积相矿物成份分布与环境意义

通过对塔里木河中游冲积平原典型剖面矿物成份分析，说明本区域重矿物含量较大，平均为（４．０６％），全新世剖面不同时代矿物含量变化相似。整个剖面地层中不稳定矿物含量较高；长石含量地很高，证实了塔干北部气候的干燥性。本区域主要矿物为角闪石、云母、辉石类、绿帘石类，并列出本地的标型矿物，分层矿物、局地矿物类。沙丘沙来源于就地冲积层，冲积层物质来源于河流周期性洪水。并分析了全新世地层中矿物成份所反映的干旱气