沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声干扰的特征分析——以二连浩特台为例

通过计算二连浩特测震台站地表和井下连续观测数据的加速度PSD值和相应的PDF值,研究沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平的干扰特征及井下观测对减小沙尘暴影响的效果。结果表明,沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平有较大干扰,主要体现在4 Hz、9 Hz附近及10~20 Hz和低于10 s频段。其中,沙尘主要影响10~20 Hz频段背景噪声;大风主要影响4 Hz、9 Hz附近背景噪声;低于10 s频段的三分向背景噪声受干扰特征与风向有一定的相关性;10 s~4 Hz频段沙尘暴对环境噪声水平没有影响。井下观测能较好地压制沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平的干扰。     

2.63.8GHZ太阳微波爆发中的精细结构

微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射是太阳微波爆发中两个主要的精细结构,由于微波段比长波段的情况更复杂,单从形态上很难区分。１９９４ 年Ｉｓｌｉｋｅ ＆ Ｂｅｎｚ 给出１３ＧＨｚ 频带上的各类爆发分类定义,本文参考了其中关于微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射的分类,分析北京天文台２ ．６３ ．８ＧＨｚ 频带上观测到的微波尖峰辐射的精细结构,发现该定义有局限性,重新定义了本波段上的微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射,并讨论了这种分类定义与设备时间分辨率的关系     

大安古河道试区土地潜力性评价

土地潜力是进行土地评价的重要内容,也是一种新方法,在古河道区的土地潜力性评价中分质量（状态）因子和诊断因子,采用质量因子和权重法对该进行潜力性评价,评价结果表明：该区域二等地１７０．９１ｈｍ＾２三等地９４．８９ｈｍ＾２四等地６８９．０７ｈｍ＾２,五等地６．６３ｈｍ＾２。没有土地质量期望值在３．５以上的一等地。     

陕西左家庄金矿床特征

左家庄金矿矿质来源于近矿地层,成矿热液为同生沉积建造水,硫化物石英脉的形成是含矿热液流体沿左旋剪切扭动构造隐蔽面充填的结果.对其主要载金矿物黄铁矿的热电性测定,表明黄铁矿为空穴型导电,该矿床剥蚀程度不大,属上部出露.     

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区植物化探找矿方法的新思路

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区内白桦、落叶松分布广泛。以白桦、落叶松作为植物化探的主要研究对象具有可操作性和可推广性.植物的外皮、落叶是植物化探研究的首选.落叶松、白桦树叶的采集时间应在9月份叶落后不久,采样间距可在100~600m之间.松树、白桦树皮的采样时间集中在6月和9月两个阶段,采样间距在10~200m之间,采集的树皮距地约0.2m.建议采用干灰化法,最佳的灰化温度在450℃左右     

基于集合预报的异常温度预报产品在中国的应用分析

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)第五代全球再分析资料(ERA5)构建模式气候,应用ECMWF集合预报,采用“集合预报标准化异常预报法”,针对最高和最低气温构建中国地区集合平均异常温度预报和异常温度概率预报产品,并与极端预报指数(extreme forecast index,EFI)开展检验和对比分析预报性能,并基于“异常温度影响矩阵”,构建了异常温度影响程度预报指数,通过异常温度事件个例探讨相关产品的预报应用。结果表明:基于ECMWF的ERA5和集合预报构建的集合平均异常温度预报产品对我国夏季和冬季异常温度事件均有比较好的预报效果,预报性能好于或接近EFI,可作为业务上对异常温度事件预报的支撑产品。异常温度概率预报产品可以体现集合成员中的预报异常温度事件的信息,在中期预报时效对发现早期异常温度事件信号有优势,并可反映对异常天气预报的不确定性信息。异常温度影响程度预报指数结合了异常天气概率预报信息和异常程度预报信息,可对异常温度时间给出客观定量的预报结果,对一次异常低温事件的个例预报证明该指数有比较好的预报效果,对异常温度事件的预报和早期科学预警有一定指示意义和业务应用前景。     

利用CWQL检测JOPENS5.2系统仪器参数正确性

以锡林浩特地震台为例,利用CWQL软件调取JOPENS5.2系统台站实时数据与对应台站参数,计算台基噪声水平,检测该系统仪器参数正确性。分析认为,CWQL软件可用于日常地震观测系统数据质量检测,实现实时自动运用概率密度函数方法处理地震观测数据,得到各地震台站各分向PSD概率密度函数分布及RMS值,从而判断JOPESN5.2系统仪器参数正确性。     

Spatiotemporal variations of deep-sea sediment components and their fluxes since the last glaciation in the northern South China Sea

Sediment components and their fluxes of Cores MD12-3428(water depth: 903 m), MD12-3433(water depth: 2125 m),and MD12-3434(water depth: 2995 m), obtained along a transect on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea, have been conducted to reveal the spatiotemporal variations and the controlling factors of the sediment components and of their fluxes.Results show that deep-sea sediments in the northern South China Sea are composed mainly of terrigenous(59–89%) and carbonate(6–38%) particles, with minor components of opal(1.6–9.4%) and organic matter(0.7–1.9%). Fluxes of terrigenous and carbonate particles reach up to 2.4–21.8 and 0.4–6.5 g cm–2 kyr–1, respectively, values that are one to two orders of magnitude higher than the fluxes of opal and organic matter. Temporal variations of the percentages and fluxes of deep-sea sediment components have displayed clear glacial-interglacial cyclicity since the last glaciation. Terrigenous, opal, and organic matter percentages and their fluxes increas clearly during marine isotope stage 2, while carbonate percentages and fluxes show an opposite variation pattern or are characterized by an unremarkable increase. This implies that deep-sea carbonate in the South China Sea is affected by the dilution of terrigenous inputs during the sea-level lowstand. With increasing water depth along the transect, the terrigenous percentage increases but with largely decreased fluxes. Both the percentage and flux of carbonate decrease, while the percentages and fluxes of opal and organic matter display much more complicated variational features. The spatiotemporal variations of deep-sea sediment components and of their fluxes since the last glaciation in the northern South China Sea are strongly controlled by sea-level fluctuations. Simultaneously, terrigenous supply associated with monsoonal rainfall, marine primary productivity,and the dilution effect between terrigenous and biogenic particles, also play interconnected roles in the sediment accumulation processes.     

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.     

三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究

长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流,龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上,距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件,模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明,涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m,175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m;在巫山县的五个码头处,两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m;根据涌浪高度,对大宁河进行危险分区,145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km,很高危险区长度约1.9 km;175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km,很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害,保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全,同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。