黑龙江省油页岩资源分布及勘探开发布局

黑龙江省自侏罗纪以来,受太平洋板块及欧亚大陆板块的相互作用,形成了具有一定规模的盆岭构造系统,呈现出北北东向展布的三隆三坳。受此构造控制,在黑龙江省发育着大小不一的凹陷含煤盆地,并共生或伴生着大量的油页岩等矿产资源。通过对全省东、中、西部盆地群14含油页岩盆地的分析,预测全省油页岩资源储量可达1612亿t,折合页岩油资源量约161亿t,相当于4个大庆的油气资源储量。为了全面掌握黑龙江省油页岩资源状况,计划利用三年时间在全省区域内按西部、中部及东部13个区块（14个主要盆地）开展油页岩调查工作,总面积达137192.93km2。     

古罗马剧场建筑特色及其形成原因和影响

古罗马在整个人类历史上不仅仅是一个地理概念,它还代表着一个帝国、一种文化、一种传统。与人类其他辉煌的文明相比,罗马的伟大正是其将文明的发展植根于世俗,反映在建筑上则是娱乐性建筑的大量涌现。剧场作为标志性的娱乐性建筑,反映了帝国时期罗马的伟大成就,更体现出古罗马人当时的社会生活状态和精神状态。本文尝试对古罗马剧场典型特色进行一定分析研究,并在此基础上从物质层面、经济层面、文化层面归纳出古罗马剧场建筑特色形成的原因,以及其对后世建筑思想与建筑实践的影响。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000558

Several stratigraphic breaks and unconformities exist in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block.Geologic characters and spatial distributions of fve of these unconformities,which have resulted from different geological processes,have been studied.The unconformity beneath the Dahongyu Formation is interpreted as a breakup unconformity,representing the time of transition from continental rift to passive continental margin.The unconformities beneath the Gaoyuzhuang and the Yangzhuang formations are considered to be the consequence of regional eustatic fuctuations,leading to the exposure of highlands in passive margins during low sea-level stands and transgressive deposition on coastal regions during high sea-level stands.The unconformity atop the Tieling Formation might be caused by uplift due to contractional deformation in a back-arc setting,whereas the uplift after the deposition of the Xiamaling Formation might be attributed to a continental collision event.It is assumed that the occurrences of these unconformities in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block had a close bearing on the assemblage and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.     

Re–Os Isotopic Age of the Hongqiling Cu–Ni Sulfide Deposit in Jilin Province,NE China and its Geological Significance

The Hongqiling Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in central Jilin Province is located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Rhenium and osmium isotopes in sulfide minerals from the deposit are used to determine the timing of mineralization and the source of osmium, and ore metals. Sulfide ore samples have osmium and rhenium concentrations of 0.28–1.07 ppb and 2.39–13.17 ppb, respectively. Ten analyses yield an isochron age of 223 ± 9 Ma, indicating that the Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in the area formed in the Triassic. The initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio is around 0.295 ± 0.019 (MSWD = 1.14) and the δ³⁴S values of sulfide ores vary from ?1.50 to +3.00‰. These data indicate that the mineralizing materials were derived mainly from a mantle with some quantities of crustal components introduced into the rock‐forming and ore‐forming systems during mineralization and magmatic emplacement.     

Metallogenic Belt and Some New Recognition

The traditional Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt overlap with the ophiolitic melange units remained in the Bangongco-Nujiang ocean including the Cr, Au, Fe mineralization controlled with magma liquation. On the other hand, the broad metallogenic belt involved the deposits which had been recognized the products of subduction or postsubduction lithospheric extension in the northern and southern sides of Bangongco-Nujiang subduction zone, which includes the southern edge of the southern Qiangtang, suture zone, part of the North and Middle Gangdese block. The types of deposits include porphyry copper (gold) deposits, skarn iron (copper) deposits, hydrothermal-altered rock type of gold deposits and hydrothermal type of tungsten deposits throughout the evolution of Bangongco-Nujiang ocean. The copper mineralization has two episodes at about 120~105 Ma and 90~85 Ma, respectively. The early stage of copper mineralization (120~105 Ma) likely formes by remelting of previously subduction-modified arc lithosphere. Moreover, the late stage of copper mineralization (90~85 Ma) could be triggered by postcollisional lithospheric mantle delamination. Some of key fundamental scientific problems, such as Tectonic background (metallogenic environment), magmatism, metallogenic mechanism of typical deposits, the relationship between the preservation and plateau uplift, we need to pay attention to in the future work.     

Simulated perturbation in the sea-to-air flux of dimethylsulfide and the impact on polar climate

Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfide(DMS) has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to affect climate,especially in the polar regions.We used a global climate model(GCM) to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS flux to that which has been projected for the late 21~(st) century.The perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO_2, which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission scenarios.The changes in zonal mean DMS flux were applied to 50°S-70°′S Antarctic(ANT) and65°N-80°N Arctic(ARC) regions.The re sults indic ate that the re are clearly diffe rent impacts after perturb ation in the southern and northern polar regions.Most quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ANT.However,mo st sulfur compounds have higher peaks in ARC.The perturbation in DMS flux leads to an increase of atmo spheric DMS of about 45% m ANT and 33.6% in ARC.The sulfur dioxide(S02) vertical integral increases around 4 3 % in ANT and 7.5% in ARC.Sulfate(S04) vertical integral increases by 17% in ANT and increases around 6% in ARC.Sulfur emissions increases by 21% in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ARC.However,oxidation of DMS by OH increases by 38.2% in ARC and by 15.17% in ANT.Aerosol optical depth(AOD) increases by 4% in the ARC and by 17.5% in the ANT,and increases by 22.8% in austral summer.The importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ARC.Generally,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher offsetting effect on warming after DMS flux perturbation.     

Asymmetric effects of soil moisture on mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures over eastern China

This study statistically investigates the effects of soil moisture on mean daily maximum ( $T_{\rm{max} }$ ) and minimum temperatures ( $T_{\rm{min} }$ ) over eastern China in spring (from March to May), summer (from June to August) and fall (from September to November), using the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) soil moisture and observational temperatures. The results show that soil moisture exerts asymmetric effects on $T_{\rm{max} }$ and $T_{\rm{min} }$ , thereby has substantial effects on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) in the three seasons. The soil moisture feedbacks on $T_{\rm{max} }$ , $T_{\rm{min} }$ , and DTR are found to evidently vary with season. In spring and summer, soil moisture exerts stronger negative forcing on $T_{\rm{max} }$ than $T_{\rm{min} }$ , and thus has negative effects on the DTR over many areas of northern China. In fall, soil moisture has much stronger positive effects on $T_{\rm{min} }$ than $T_{\rm{max} }$ , and thus has significant negative effects on the DTR over Northeast China and some areas of the climatic and ecological transition zone of northern China. The uncertainties in the employed data and method should be noted. Therefore, the results need to be further investigated by other data sets and methods in the future.     

花岗质复式岩体成因及其与W-Mo成矿的关系——以广西油麻坡岩体为例

广西陆川米场-博白三滩成矿带是近几年新发现的以W、Mo矿化为主的多金属成矿带。本文对带内与W-Mo矿床有关的油麻坡复式岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素研究。油麻坡岩体由花岗闪长岩(主体)和白云母花岗岩(补体)两部分组成。传统观点一般认为补体是主体经历分离结晶后的残余岩浆,而本文LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,主体和补体分别形成于109.0±0.3Ma和100.7±0.5Ma,后者明显晚于前者约10Ma,说明两者不大可能是同一岩浆房演化的产物。来自岩石学、地球化学和同位素方面的证据也不支持两者是分离结晶关系,主要包括:①主体含自形角闪石,常见榍石和磁铁矿等副矿物,表明岩浆富水、高氧逸度的性质。而补体不含角闪石,常见萤石、钛铁矿和硫化物等副矿物,表明岩浆富F和偏还原的性质。这与两者的分离结晶演化关系不吻合;②补体锆石的U含量极高(平均高达10602×10-6),从而出现特有的蜕晶现象、裂纹等放射性损伤结构,明显不同于主体锆石(平均U含量为860×10-6);③补体强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu和LREE,富集Na、Rb、Ga以及W、Sn等成矿元素,并具有典型的稀土四分组效应和non-CHARAC特征,微量元素模拟计算表明,补体与主体没有演化关系;④主体和补体的Nd同位素组成差别较大(εNd(t)分别为-5.1~-4.0和-9.6~-8.6)。本文提出高度演化的补体花岗岩是新的幔源岩浆底侵导致下地壳部分熔融而形成,由于其富F,导致岩浆固相线大幅下降(岩浆期延长),所以经历了比主体岩浆更为强烈的熔-流体相互作用,有利于萃取W、Mo等金属元素并使之富集成矿。     

海域天然气水合物吸力筒式开采装置及方法

天然气水合物具有很高的资源价值,众多国家正在开展相关研究与勘探,试采设备和技术取得了一定的发展,但离商业化开采还有很多关键技术问题需要解决。提出一种新型海域天然气水合物开采装置——吸力筒式开采装置及方法,主要包括开采筒、沉贯水泵和气液举升系统等,其整体由钢结构组合而成,依靠吸力和重力作用进入储层,然后进行降压开采,待作业结束后可回收重复使用。参照我国南海神狐海域地质,从理论上分析了新装置两个不同形态的贯入原理,并通过CMG STARS模拟研究新型开采方法的产能提升情况,由于吸力筒式开采装置能实现更大降压幅度并且扩大水合物分解面积,故产气效率相对于传统方法提高约2.46~11.69倍。吸力筒式开采装置具有结构强度高、开采半径大和施工简便等特点,有望做到“提产降本”,为实现海域天然气水合物商业化开采提供一条新思路。     

Key Properties of Solar Chromospheric Line Formation Process

The distribution or wavelength-dependence of the formation regions of frequently used solar lines, Hα，Hβ，CaIIH and CaII8542,in quiet Sun,faint and bright flares is explored in the unpolarized case.We stress four aspects characterising the property of line formation process:1) width of line formation core;2) line formation region;3)influence of the temperature minimum region; and 4) wavelength ranges within which one can obtain pure chromospheric and photospheric filtergrams.It is shown that the above four aspects depend strongly on the atmospheric physical condition and the lines used. The formation regions of all the wavelength points within a line may be continuously distributed over one depth domain or discretely distributed because of no contribution coming from the temperature minimum region, an important domain in the solar atmosphere that determines the distribution pattern of escape photons. On the other hand, the formation region of one wavelength point may cover only one height range or spread over two domains which are separated again by the temperature minimum region. Different lines may form in different regions in the quiet Sun. However, these line formation regions become closer in solar flaring regions. Finally, though the stratification of line-of-sight velocity can alter the position of the line formation core within the line band and result in the asymmetry of the line formation core about the shifted line center, it can only lead to negligible changes in the line formation region or the line formation core width. All these results can be instructive to solar filtering observations.