Application of 2D numerical model to unsteady performance evaluation of vertical-axis tidal current turbine

Tidal current energy is renewable and sustainable, which is a promising alternative energy resource for the future electricity supply. The straight-bladed vertical-axis turbine is regarded as a useful tool to capture the tidal current energy especially under low-speed conditions. A 2D unsteady numerical model based on Ansys-Fluent 12.0 is established to conduct the numerical simulation, which is validated by the corresponding experimental data. For the unsteady calculations, the SST model, 2×10~5 and 0.01 s are selected as the proper turbulence model, mesh number, and time step, respectively. Detailed contours of the velocity distributions around the rotor blade foils have been provided for a flow field analysis. The tip speed ratio(TSR) determines the azimuth angle of the appearance of the torque peak, which occurs once for a blade in a single revolution. It is also found that simply increasing the incident flow velocity could not improve the turbine performance accordingly. The peaks of the averaged power and torque coefficients appear at TSRs of 2.1 and 1.8, respectively. Furthermore, several shapes of the duct augmentation are proposed to improve the turbine performance by contracting the flow path gradually from the open mouth of the duct to the rotor. The duct augmentation can significantly enhance the power and torque output. Furthermore, the elliptic shape enables the best performance of the turbine. The numerical results prove the capability of the present 2D model for the unsteady hydrodynamics and an operating performance analysis of the vertical tidal stream turbine.     

二价铁氧化对铁锰循环功能微生物活性的影响及机制

地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H₂O₂、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种.      

从反射地震剖面认识龙门山断裂带彭灌杂岩深部结构

彭灌杂岩位于龙门山断裂带中段,是龙门山区域地质构造重要组成部分.通过对一条穿过彭灌杂岩中部的深地震反射剖面进行分析解释,描述该区域彭灌杂岩深部结构特征及形成机制.地震反射剖面分析表明彭灌杂岩在纵深上存在分层结构,且彭灌杂岩存在底界面,在该区域表现出无根特征,参考岩体层倾向推断原岩应来自现位置西北方向更深部;同时剖面能量图上映秀-北川深部断裂位置发育在彭灌杂岩体不同分层间隙,未破坏彭灌杂岩主岩体深部结构,彭灌杂岩体浅部的断层发育与龙门山地表断裂系统一致,表明彭灌杂岩成岩时间早于龙门山构造运动;综合岩性及成岩时间推断彭灌杂岩源于现有位置的西北方向大陆基底,由印支期板块运动中松潘陆块基底物质多期次上涌形成,并在喜山运动期受到西北方向应力推覆隆起到达目前位置.      

基于FY 3D的MERSI全球晴空数据合成技术

FY-3D极轨气象卫星作为最新一代的极地轨道气象卫星,其图像数据包含了丰富的植被、河流、山区等地表信息,对陆地资源调查、地表类型变化监测等具有重要作用。但几乎每轨遥感图像大约有2/3区域都被云雾覆盖,无法直接获取云层下的地表信息用于产品应用。本文研究晴空数据合成技术,首次提出反射率最小合成法、植被指数最大合成法和西格玛合成法的3个标准联合运用的晴空合成技术,利用先进的多时次气象卫星遥感数据合成技术,自动生成FY-3D中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI-II)250m分辨率晴空遥感数据,较好地实现了云和云阴影的去除,生成的晴空效果良好,具备了后续应用的价值。     

Constitutive approach for rate‐sensitive anisotropic structured clays

This paper describes a constitutive approach to model the behavior of rate‐dependent anisotropic structured clay. Rate‐sensitivity is modeled using overstress viscoplasticity. Clay structure is treated as a viscous phenomenon whereby the viscosity of the undisturbed structured clay is initially very high and the viscosity degrades or decreases with plastic straining until the intrinsic or residual viscosity is reached. A microstructure tensor approach is used to make the structured viscosity anisotropic; whereas, the intrinsic viscosity is assumed to be isotropic. The behavior of the constitutive model is compared with the measured response of two clays (Gloucester and St. Vallier clay) from Eastern Canada during triaxial compression tests on specimens trimmed at different orientations to the vertical. The comparisons show that the constitutive framework is able to describe the anisotropic and rate‐sensitive response of both clays. The response of the model is also examined for the more general case of anisotropic consolidated triaxial compression and extension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北半球平流层月平均环流的若干基本事实

本文用北半球平流层20年月平均的高度资料分析了北半球平流层30、50和100hPa各层平均高度的时、空分布、年变程、月变程以及平均环流的演变特征。分析指出北半球平流层大气环流由冬到夏表现为:由极地涡旋完全转变为极地高压,高层(30 hPa在4月中完成)比低层(100hPa在6月完成)早一个月以上;由夏到冬反之,由极地高压完全转变成极地涡旋,高层(50hPa在8月中完成)比低层(100hPa在10月完成)也提前一个月以上。把这些基本事实与对流层的环流年变相结合,将有助于长期天气预报。     

大连新港的红粘土及其工程特性的形成

在大连新港油罐区的建设中,发现了一种具有高孔隙性、高含水量、高塑性、中低压缩性的特殊土。作者对这种土及其母岩的矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、物理化学和工程特性进行了系统研究,揭示了该区红粘土及其工程特性的形成机理,该区红粘土乃是蒙脱石化的粗玄岩,在中温带气候区红土花作用的产物。     

The Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian Subduct ion Complex in the Northern Qilian Mountains and Its Dynamics

The front of the Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian volcanic island arc zone in the northern Qilian Mountains is a forearc accretionary terrane, composed of multiple accretionary volcanic island arcs, flysch accretionary wedges,high-pressure metamorphosed detachment zones and remnants of ophiolites. It resulted from the northeastward subduction of the Early Palaeozoic Qilan oceanic crust beneath the Alxa block. High-pressure metamorphism, which occurred during the subduction, progressed through three stages: the initial stage of medium T-high P,the main stage of temperature decrease and pressure increase, and the lag stage of pressure decrease and temperature increase. Finally the paper presents a retrotrench subduction dynamic model indicative of northward subduction of the central Qilian block and southward accretion of the Alxa block during the period of 450-500 Ma.     

FACTORS CONTROLLING DIFFERENTIATION OF SELENIUM ECONVIRONMENT IN THE LOESS PLATEAU

ItisataskofNationaScienceandTechnologyProjectNo.75-62-03-05and06forthe7thFive-YearPlanperiod.InvestigationsinGansuandShanxiwereundertakenbyInstituteofGeography,CAS,whiiethatinShaanxiwascarriedoutbyNortllwestInstitllteofWaterandSoilConservation,CAS.**OthermembersintheGroupofEndemicDiseaseandEnvironment,InstituteofGeograpl1y,CASare:YangLinsheng,ZhaoYuanwei,ZhaoNaiqin,LiDezhu,WangLizhenandTanJianan.I.IntrodIlcti01llthasbeenreported[21thattwoendemics,KeshanandKaschin-Beck,arecl…