横向振动格栅紊流紊动特性试验

建立了一套大尺度格栅紊流试验系统,格栅进行有别于传统垂向模式的横向振动,采用粒子图像测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)测量流速。对瞬时流速的检验表明,该系统产生的紊流场具有较强的随机性和统计规律性。均方根流速在格栅片附近变化较大,在两片格栅中间处趋于稳定,纵向均方根流速明显大于垂向均方根流速,二者比值在1.5~2.0之间,接近天然明渠紊流。雷诺应力在距格栅越近处波动越大,随着距格栅距离的增加而减小,至两片格栅中间处雷诺应力基本为0。时间和长度积分尺度在格栅片处最小,随着距格栅距离的增加而线性增加,至两片格栅中间处达到最大值。流速能谱呈现Kolmogorov理论的-5/3次方规律。本系统生成的紊流场的统计规律与传统的垂向振动格栅紊流较为一致,但纵向和垂向的紊动强度更接近实际,为后续紊流中泥沙和污染物等运动机理的研究奠定了基础。     

Mechanical characteristics of dip basement effects on dump stability in the Shengli open pit mine in Inner Mongolia,China

For waste dump slopes that form basements, landslides can be prevented by determining a stability evolving law of dynamic development. Keeping this issue in mind, the relationship between the mechanical structure and stability of waste dumps with basements is studied. Three key factors that influence waste dump stability are presented, and judgment criteria for self-locking and unlocking states of dump basements are provided. From the friction coefficient of waste dump basement stability analyses of the Shengli open pit mine, the results indicate that waste dump basements on the right side of fault F8 and on the left side of fault F61 are subjected to self-locking. However, between faults F61 and F8, the basement is subjected to unlocking. Regarding the residual thrusting of unlocking areas, structure and stability optimization schemes for waste dumps in the Shengli open pit mine are provided through a mechanics analysis. Reducing the slopes and basement angles of waste dumps can enhance their stability by increasing basement roughness levels.     

Experimental Measurements of Solitary Wave Attenuation Over Shallow and Intermediate Submerged Canopy

Attenuations of solitary wave over a patch of submerged canopy are experimentally investigated. The submerged canopy is modeled by a group of circular cylinder array. The decay coefficients of different wave heights in two water depths along the wave flume are measured for six canopy models, including two canopy heights and three styles of arrangements. The relationships among the decay coefficient, and the dimensionless wave height, submergence ratio, relative height and arrangement of the canopy are experimentally studied. 2D PIV technique is employed to measure the representative flow field inside the canopy. A four-deck flow structure is proposed for wave flow field over shallow submerged canopy. The characteristics of shear flow inside the aligned canopy region are discussed.     

关岭-贞丰石漠化治理示范区植被覆盖变化及其对气候因子的响应

为揭示喀斯特石漠化治理示范区植被覆盖变化以及气候因子对植被覆盖变化的影响,利用2006—2015年Landsat 30 m/16 d分辨率影像数据,采用最大合成法、NDVI差值指数和相关、偏相关分析法,系统分析示范区归一化植被指数的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明:(1)2006—2015年最大NDVI平均值为0.39,NDVI较高覆盖区域在示范区南北边界,而较低覆区域以花江南岸为主;(2)2006年以来示范区极低(-1.210)、低(-0.669)和中等(-0.729)植被覆盖度呈减少趋势,高(1.359)和极高(1.247)植被覆盖度增加,整体上呈显著增加趋势;(3)本月NDVI与本月、上月、上上月降雨量和气温的相关性均通过显著水平0.05检验,且本月NDVI与本月降雨量相关性高于本月气温(RNDVI降雨 =0.782),本月NDVI与上月气温相关性高于上月降雨量(RNDVI气温 =0.771);(4)在月尺度上,示范区植被生长对降雨量无滞后期,而对气温存在1个月的滞后期。      

Soil column infiltration tests on biomediated capillary barrier systems for mitigating rainfall-induced landslides

Rainfall-induced landslide is a common geohazard in tropical and humid regions. Capillary barrier system (CBS) is a popular and widely studied mitigating measure for rainfall-induced landslides. However, several previous studies have shown that the performance of the conventional CBS under intense rainfalls has not been particularly convincing. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a newly proposed system, known as “biomediated capillary barrier system” (B-CBS) in minimizing water infiltration into soil. A one-dimensional soil column was used to investigate the infiltration characteristics of the proposed system. The results showed that the B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying original residual soil (Test IV) could effectively control the infiltration into soil by taking advantage of the less-permeable biomediated soil cover. The B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying gravelly sand (Test V) and the three-layered B-CBS of fine sand overlying gravelly sand and biomediated residual soil (Test VI) showed the best performance in terms of minimizing the water infiltration. A suction of about 5 kPa still remained in the soil column after 60 min of infiltration from the ponded water on the soil surface.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组深水沉积特征及其与古环境关系--以陕西富平赵老峪地区为例

深水沉积及其与古地理的关系一直是沉积学领域研究的重点,也是薄弱环节之一。鄂尔多斯盆地南部富平赵老峪地区奥陶系平凉组深水沉积发育,岩性以泥晶灰岩及砾屑灰岩为主,局部可见泥灰岩、泥岩、硅岩及凝灰岩。沉积构造以流水波痕和小型交错层理为主,生物扰动极为发育。典型岩相有泥晶石灰岩夹硅岩和泥岩相、生物扰动泥晶灰岩相及块状层理灰岩相,分别代表斜坡原地沉积、等深流沉积及碎屑流沉积。三种沉积的δ13C-δ18O、Th-U、Ga-Cu、B-Cr、B-Ga、B-Sr、Ni/Co-U/Th、B/Ga-U/Th及87Sr/86Sr-Sr/Ba等地化指标差异明显。从下至上,斜坡原地沉积及碎屑流沉积规模逐渐减小,等深流沉积规模不断增加。另外,平凉组沉积时期,相对海平面整体上升,古盐度呈多个高-低旋回变化,古气候逐渐干燥,还原作用增强。其中,相对海平面升高,古盐度变化明显,湿润气候及较强还原作用有利于等深流沉积的发育;而相对海平面降低、干燥气候及构造运动有利于碎屑流沉积发育。     

新疆西南天山阿万达金矿区赋矿围岩物源及形成时代:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学制约

阿万达金矿位于西南天山造山带内。此次研究在简要总结其矿床地质特征基础上,对与阿万达金矿成矿密切相关的阿克苏群中硅质片岩围岩分别进行了岩石地球化学分析和LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年研究,以期对围岩的沉积环境、物源及形成时代进行讨论。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,阿万达金矿赋矿围岩中硅质片岩的原岩可能为一套成熟度较低的泥岩或砂岩,物源主要为石英岩质沉积物,沉积环境可能处于活动大陆弧内的沉积盆地内。U-Pb定年结果显示,其碎屑锆石定年数据主要形成了加权平均年龄值为405 Ma或406 Ma的年龄峰,其谐和年龄最小峰值即405 Ma可以作为其最大沉积年龄。因此笔者认为阿克苏群中硅质片岩的沉积时代并不是前人所定的长城纪,而是不老于早泥盆世。另外,这一地层的物源组成具有多样性,～405 Ma碎屑锆石占主体,可能与哈尔克山北缘火山弧内的早泥盆世岩浆活动有关;～745Ma的碎屑锆石的出现,表明其物源有少部分来自新元古代岩石;极少数～2.50 Ga的碎屑锆石的出现,反映了华北地台对本地层有物源上的贡献。