REE and εNd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean:Evidence for clay sources

The surface sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean are mainly composed of biogenetic fossils, silicate detritus, ferromanganese spherolites and clay fractions. Among them, the clay fractions with grain size less than 2 μm (mainly clay minerals) are mostprevalent, especially in the non-calcareous sediments (the content of calcareous fossils is less than 5%), the clay fraction contents often exceed 70%[1―5]. Because of the influences of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), equatorial currents, …     

辽河群区域变质特征及其大陆动力学意义

辽河群是胶辽吉古元古代造山带的主要组成部分。近年来对其区域变质作用的PTt轨迹研究发现：同一造山带内PTt轨迹具有多样性。进一步研究认为,这一碰撞造山带南、北空间上PTt轨迹的逆向性起因于造山带南、北部的结构构造、变形过程和同变形变质花岗岩空间分布上的差异。就南辽河群和盖县岩组而言,早期、中期变质阶段,因中深部地壳大面积“辽吉花岗岩”的底垫式侵位及其诱发的沉积盖层顺层滑脱减薄作用,变质作用表现为近等压和小幅度增压而温度快速上升的过程;峰期变质阶段,又因收缩挤压增厚,表现为等温升压过程（盖县岩组）或升温升压过程（南辽河群）;最后晚期变质阶段,差异剥蚀引起降温降压（盖县岩组）或近等压降温过程（南辽河群）。对北辽群而言,早期、中期变质阶段,因盖层南辽河群及盖县岩组的大规模向北滑覆增厚作用而及花岗岩浆不发育,仅有正常传导热及放射热,因而△P＞△T;峰期变质阶段温、压同时达峰值,之后等温快速降压过程,与构造剥蚀有关;至晚期变质阶段,同盖县岩组一样,经历降温降压过程。通过对比上述北、南辽河群及盖县岩组的大陆动力学过程,表明早期大陆动力学过程正好是一个互为消长的过程,从而也决定了它们的PTt轨迹的逆反性。最后,本文提出了辽河群变质的底侵＋拆沉模型。     

A Comprehensive Investigation of an Offshore Active Fault in the Western Sagami Bay, Central Japan

Offshore active faults, especially those in the deep sea, are very difficult to study because of the water and sedimentary cover. To characterize the nature and geometry of offshore active faults, a combination of methods must be employed. Generally, seismic profiling is used to map these faults, but often only fault-related folds rather than fracture planes are imaged. Multi-beam swath bathymetry provides information on the structure and growth history of a fault because movements of an active fault are reflected in the bottom morphology. Submersible and deep-tow surveys allow direct observations of deformations on the seafloor (including fracture zones and microstructures). In the deep sea, linearly aligned cold seep communities provide indirect evidence for active faults and the spatial migration of their activities.The Western Sagami Bay fault (WSBF) in the western Sagami Bay off central Japan is an active fault that has been studied in detail using the above methods. The bottom morphology, fracture     

海底天然气水合物的饱和度预测技术

海底天然气水合物的储量主要取决于水合物的分布面积、水合物稳定带的厚度、沉积层的孔隙度及水合物的饱和度 (或充填率 )等 ,其中水合物在沉积物孔隙中的饱和度对其储量的估计具有重要意义。目前很难通过原地直接测量来获得这种饱和度数据 ,一般根据地球化学或地球物理方法取得。水合物饱和度预测技术主要有 :利用岩心孔隙水氯离子浓度、地球物理测井、地震波速度等间接手段。每一种技术都不是完善的 ,而海底含水合物的沉积物又是一个复杂的系统 ,在预测中应根据实际情况选择比较合适的方法 ,并尽量选择一种以上的方法或模型作多方法校正     

小波变换在三维地震数据处理中的应用

近年来，小波变换作为一项理论在三维地震数据的处理中日益受到重视。本文利用小波变换的变焦特性及思想设计了一缩短地震波长、提高地震子滠主瓣与旁瓣幅度比的算法，并将此算法运用于胜利油田弧岛东斜坡Ｂ７０１井三维地震数据处理中。结果表明此算法对提高地层厚度分辨率是卓有成效的。     

Statistics of breaking waves and its applications to estimation of air-sea fluxes (Ⅰ)——Theoretical models

Wave breaking statistics, such as the whitecap coverage and average volume of broken seawater, are evaluated in terms of wave parameters by use of wave breaking model (Yuan et al., 1988) taking the fifth order Stokes's wave as the analog of the original wave field. Based on the observed fact that breaking waves play an important role in the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the atmosphere and the ocean, the influence of wave breaking on air-sea fluxes of heat and moisture is investigated. Theoretical expressions of bubble-volume flux and sea spray spectrum at the sea surface and models for bubble-induced and spray droplet-induced heat and moisture fluxes are established. This work can be taken as the basis for further understanding the mechanism of air-sea coupling and parameterization models.     

Numerical Wave Flume Study on Wave Motion Around Submerged Plates

1 .IntroductionApile supportedplatesubmergedatacertaindepthunderseasurfacewasdevelopedasanewtypeofunderwaterbreakwaterfortheprotectionofcoastlinesandharbors .Thisisbecauseitdoesnothinderthewaterexchangebetweentheopenseaandtheprotectedareanordoesithindertheviewovertheopensea .Besides,itislessdependentonthegeotechnicalconditionsoftheseabottomwherethestructureistobeinstalled ;however,itscostishigh ,particularlyinrelativelydeepwaters .Formanyapplicationsitispossibletoreducethewavemotionintheprotec…     

Similarities of Some Wind Input and Dissipation Source Terms

Wind input parameterizations proposed by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant are analyzed. It is round by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three wind input parameterizations exists. Wave breaking dissipation parmneterizations proposed by Tsikunov, Hasselmann, and Phillips are also analyzed. Likewise it is found by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three dissipation parameterizations exists. The similarities of wind input and dissipation are applied to the investigation of the fetch-limited growth of wind waves, together with the 3/2 power law presented by Toba. Some semi-empirical formulas concerning the growth of wave height and period with fetch are presented. The results from the formulas are in good agreement with previous field observations.     

A coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea I. Study on model and parameter

1 IntroductionAs an important compartment of global cli-mate system, the development and variation ofsea ice directly affect the global atmosphere andocean environment, especially the deep watersformation and circulation. Therefore, it be-comes one of the keys of the global climatestudy to explore the coupling physical processof sea ice to atmosphere and ocean in the cli-mate system and to set up the global coupledairiceocean system. The studies on the in-teraction of iceocean and its coupled…     

Numerical Modeling of Water Wave Interaction with A Soft Mud Bed

A vertical 2-D numerical model is presented for simulating the interaction between water waves and a soft mud bed. Taking into aceotmt nonlinear theology, a semi-empirical theological model is applied to this water-mud model, reflecting the combined visco-elasto-plastic properties of soft mud under such oscillatory external forces as water waves. In order to increase the resolution of the flow in the neighborhood of both sides of the inter-surface, a logarithmic grid in the vertical direction is employed for numerical treatment. Model verifications are given through comparisons between the calculated and the measured mud mass transport velocities as well as wave height changes.