New Interpretation of Dependence of Wind Stress on Wave State

Based on observations from buoys, it is found that the wave age is well correlated with the nondimensional wave height, and this correlation is best described by a 3/5-power law. This similarity law is valid in the cases of wind waves as well as swells under natural sea states. On the basis of the 3/5-power law combined with the well-known 3/2-power law, it is shown that the wave-induced wind stress increases rapidly with wave age, indicating that the traditional observations or analytic techniques have only given the turbulent Reynolds stress induced by short wind waves, but excluded the long-wave-induced wind stress. The latter constitutes a small fraction to the total wind stress when the wave age is smaller than 1.0. The increase of sea-surface roughness with wave age can be attributed to wave breaking.     

Meridional Variation of the 1955-2003 Sea Level Anomalies in the Tropical Pacific Ocean Associated with El Nio Events

The Sea Level Anomaly-Torque (SLAT, relative to a reference location in the Pacific Ocean), which means the total torque of the gravity forces of sea waters with depths equal to the Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) in the tropical Pacific Ocean, is defined in this study. The time series of the SLAT from merged altimeter data (1993-2003) had a great meridional variation during the 1997-1998 El Nio event. By using historical upper layer temperature data (1955-2003) for the tropical Pacific Ocean, the tempera- ture-based SLAT is also calculated and the meridional variation can be found in the historical El Nio events (1955-2003), which suggests that the meridional shifts of the sea level anomaly are also intrinsic oscillating modes of the El Nio cycles like the zonal shifts.     

大直径潜孔锤气力反循环流体速度与压力模型

为解决大直径潜孔锤反循环钻进技术中气体携带岩屑不彻底和地面供气压力难以控制问题,必须开展循环气体流动参数即速度压力分布研究。根据反循环钻进中流体通道特点对流场分区,采用"倒算法"按循环系统流动的反方向推导各分区流场的气体速度和压力公式,建立流体参数数学模型,并对所得模型进行实例验算。以直径1.2 m、孔深40 m硬岩钻孔为例,钻孔出口流速为40 m/s时,钻头喷嘴气体流速为456 m/s,喷嘴截面积为0.002 4 m2,孔口气体注入压力为1.2 MPa,循环系统压力降约为0.9 MPa。计算结果表明,该模型可为地面气源参数调节和优化喷嘴结构提供依据。     

高阶有限差分法管波传播数值模拟

为正确认识流体充填钻孔中管波的传播规律,首先给出均匀各向同性介质中包含流体充填钻孔条件下的弹性波动力学方程和二阶速度-应力公式及差分格式的稳定性条件和边界条件;然后利用高阶交错网格有限差分法,结合典型模型,模拟了不同时刻管波的传播快照和复杂层状介质中管波的合成地震记录,并与实际管波地震记录进行了对比。结果表明:在地层分界面、溶洞的边界等波阻抗差异界面处,管波都会产生反射;反射管波的振幅、频率特征受界面两侧的岩石物理性质差异的影响;在理论合成记录中,反射管波与直达管波同相轴的交点与理论模型中地层分界面或异常体的边界一致。     

ENSO循环的非对称性及其机制初步探讨

利用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,以Nino3.4区SSTA(sea surface temperature anomaly)指数为标准,选取典型El Nio和La Nia事件进行合成分析,观察ENSO的非对称性。通过分析ENSO事件发生过程中温跃层深度异常和斜压能量转化率的变化,研究其对ENSO循环非对称性的影响。由于与ENSO相关的海洋异常信号在南、北太平洋的传播主要是以Rossby波的形式,Rossby波可以通过不稳定机制获得能量成长和传播,斜压能量转化率越强,携带ENSO相关海洋异常信号的Rossby波就可能获得更多的能量成长,这种信号传播至赤道区域可以更快地导致ENSO事件的爆发。研究表明,在El Nio事件达到顶峰时,北太平洋ENSO相关的Rossby波传播区斜压不稳定能量很强(可使Rossby波增幅)、温跃层加深(可使Rossby波加速),有利于El Nio相关的暖信号传出,这很好地解释了El Nio事件总是比La Nia事件振幅大以及El Nio事件向La Nia事件转化比La Nia事件向El Nio事件转化快很多的现象。因...     

海洋重力资料整理技术与软件实现

针对海洋重力测量成果规范化整理与重力异常计算软件开发问题,重点讨论了重力掉格校正与测线文件获取的可视化方法;引入贝塞尔方法计算船速和航向,并进行厄特渥斯校正.在此基础上,依据海洋重力调查规范,基于图形可视化技术开发了一套具有人机交互功能的海洋重力资料整理软件.     

Preliminary Study on the Water Drag of Schlegel's Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

1　Introduction　FishcageculturesystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmaricultureindustryinChina .Indesigningthecagesystem ,thewaterdragactingonit,includingthatonculturedfish ,shouldbetakenintoaccount.Avarietyofmethodshavebeenusedtodeterminethewaterdragofanimalsrangin…     

Crustal structure beneath Beijing and its surrounding regions derived from gravity data

In this paper we use gravity data to study fine crustal structure and seismogenic environment beneath Beijing and its surrounding regions.Multi-scale wavelet analysis method is applied to separating gravity fields.Logarithmic power spectrum method is also used to calculate depth of gravity field source.The results show that the crustal structure is very complicated beneath Beijing and its surrounding areas.The crustal density exhibits laterally inhomogeneous.There are three large scale tectonic zones in ...     

Abundance of general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea and their adaptation to temperature

1　IntroductionInthedeepseawithawatertemperaturelowerthan5℃andtheseabottom ,theor ganicmattersareoxidizedmainlybytheaerobicbacteria (BenderandHeggie 1 984;Her bert 1 986) ,whichmeansthattheaerobicbacteriainthisenvironmentareratherabun dant.Thearcticseaareaisanareawhereenvironmentispermanentlycold ,butsomere searchresults (Sahmetal.1 998)indicatethattherearedominantbacteria eubacteriainthearcticseawaterandsediment,andtheiradaptationtotemperaturehasnosubstantialdifferenceincomparisonwiththatof…     

Retrieving capillary-gravity wave spectrum from polarimetric microwave radiation of ocean surface

A new simple two-scale model on the polarimetric microwave emission of ocean surface is derived at first, which can be ex-pressed as an integral of weighting functions (M0 and M2) and ocean surface curvature spectrum coefficients (C0 and C2). This provides a simple way to investigate the effect of curvature spectrum on ocean emission. It is found that ocean waves with wavelengths both comparable to and much greater than the electromagnetic wavelength can contribute to the harmonics of ocean surface microwav...