GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault

Highly precise (σ ~1 mm) temporal deformation measurements are taken across the Xianshuihe fault from two pairs of continuous GPS stations straddling the fault. Baseline vector changes of the two pairs of stations show clearly the difference in deformation behavior between the Qianning and Daofu segments of the fault: the former deforms steadily, and the latter deforms with a strong transient component. The transient deformation across the Daofu segment is possibly related to its irregular geometry, where the fault splits into two branches, that is, the east and west branches. An attempt is made to interpret the baseline vector changes using a kinematic fault model composed of a brittle layer in the upper crust, a ductile layer in the lower crust, and a transition zone in between. The slip in the transition zone of the south segment of the Xianshuihe fault is steady. The slips in the transition zones of the north and Daofu segments of the Xianshuihe fault, however, are not steady, and the average slip rates there are higher than that of the south segment. The difference in deformation behavior is probably associated with the rheological properties of the fault interface, suggesting that the overall fault strength of the south segment is greater than those of the north and Daofu segments, corresponding to longer earthquake recurrence time.     

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Acoustic evaluation of cementing quality using obliquely incident ultrasonic signals

Ultrasonic cement bond logging is a widely used method for evaluating cementing quality. Conventional ultrasonic cement bond logging uses vertical incidence and cannot accurately evaluate lightweight cement bonding. Oblique incidence is a new technology for evaluating cement quality with improved accuracy for lightweight cements. In this study, we simulated models of acoustic impedance of cement and cementing quality using ultrasonic oblique incidence, and we obtained the relation between cementing quality, acoustic impedance of cement, and the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the A0-mode and S0-mode Lamb waves. Then, we simulated models of different cement thickness and we obtained the relation between cement thickness and the time difference of the arrival between the A0 and A0′ modes.     

锦州及葫芦岛地区的地震灾害及未来地震趋势分析

锦州和葫芦岛地区位于东北地震区,毗邻华北地震区的郯庐地震带和华北平原北部地震带。上述地区的地震活动频度和强度并不高,陆地部分的最大地震只有5级,但是附近强震带的地震活动对该区多次造成破坏,成为强震受害区。本文在总结地震活动特点和地震构造条件的基础上对该区未来的地震趋势作了分析。     

房产公用建筑面积分摊计算模型研究

由房产公用建筑面积分摊的原则入手,通过分析房屋建筑面积的层次结构以及公用建筑面积的分摊类型,提出了一种通用的、规范的公用建筑面积分摊计算模型。实际应用表明了该模型的合理性和有效性。     

太湖水体秋季散射特性及其相关因素分析

水体散射特性的研究是水色遥感和水生态学研究中重要的组成部分.通过对2007-11-08至2007-11-21在太湖获取的水体固有光学属性和室内水样分析数据的分析,研究太湖水体散射特性及其相关因素.结果表明,太湖水体散射系数与波长之间存在幂函数递减规律,平均幂指数为0.82±0.21,变异系数为25.39%;粒径分布斜率与幂指数以及散射系数ln(550nm)/1n(756nm)之间存在线性相关,R2分别为0.894和0.783;后向散射率与无机悬浮物浓度之间指数负相关R2=0.854;折射指数与无机悬浮物浓度和无机物与有机物的比例之间指数负相关,R2分别为0.851和0.781.     

华北地区地电阻率归一化速率异常分析

应用归一化变化速率方法,处理华北地区地电阻率观测数据,分析异常空间展布特征及震前异常指标,结果表明:使用归一化变化速率方法进行数据处理,可较好地反映华北地区地电阻率的速率变化;地震发生前,地电阻率归一化变化速率多以小于-2.4 的异常变化特征为主,与华北成组地震活动中地电阻率大多出现加速下降变化的破年变异常相符。     

Sensitivity of the half-life time of water exchange in coastal waters

A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.     

地震现场房屋裂缝宽度快速检测

为快速对地震现场损坏房屋裂缝宽度进行测量,本文提出运用图像处理技术与单个人工正方形标志的方法对裂缝宽度进行测量。基于数字图像处理技术,并利用MATLAB软件的图像处理功能,对拍摄的真实房屋裂缝图像进行灰度化、二值化、图像去噪、目标区域分割标记和像素标定等处理,计算得到图像中裂缝宽度的最大值。通过与实测数据对比,利用本方法获得房屋裂缝检测数据的识别精度为98.11%。结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效检测房屋裂缝宽度,且获取图像的分辨率越高,裂缝宽度识别的误差越小。本方法可为地震灾害现场调查中的房屋破坏等级评价工作提供依据。     

村民关联度对农田水利设施建设农户参与度的影响

为研究村民关联度对农田水利设施建设农户参与度的影响,以甘肃省武威市凉州区为例,运用李克特量表法进行实地调研,采用结构方程模型测度了村民关联度和农户参与度,并度量了村民关联度对农户参与度的影响,以期提高农户参与农田水利设施建设的积极性,促进人地和谐发展。结果表明:(1)将村民关联分为情感关联、认知关联、经济关联和行动关联,将农户参与分为农户决策参与、行动参与和反馈参与具有一定的理论意义。(2)村民关联度集中在2.5~4.5,均值为3.38,农户参与度集中在3.0~5.0,均值为4.12。(3)村民关联度和农户参与度的相关系数为0.729,村民关联度和农户参与度呈现显著的正向强相关。