2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发生在自有历史记录以来从未发生过7级地震、自1657年汶川6.5级地震后,最近300多年来一直处于大震平静状态的龙门山逆冲断裂带上,具有震源浅、烈度高、影响范围广、破坏极为严重的特点.     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

河南熊耳山地区金矿成矿时代的古地磁研究

通过对河南熊耳山地区寒武纪地层及该地区北岭的蚀变岩型金矿，鸡冠山的石英脉型金矿和店房的角砾岩型金矿的古地磁研究，结合地质上的研究成果，认为北岭蚀变岩型金矿和店房的角砾岩型金矿作用始于元古，有后期成矿作用的叠加，鸡冠山石英脉型金矿则是燕山期成矿。     

Late Mesozoic compressional to extensional tectonics in the Yiwulüshan massif,NE China and their bearing on the Yinshan–Yanshan orogenic belt: Part II: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and gravity modeling

Granitoids play an important role in deciphering both crustal growth and tectonic evolution of Earth. In the eastern end of the Yinshan–Yanshan belt of North China Craton, the Yiwulüshan massif is a typical region that presents the tectonic evolution features of this belt. Our field work on the host rocks has demonstrated two phases of opposite tectonics: compressional and extensional, however, the deformation is almost invisible in the intrusive rocks. To improve the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Yiwulüshan massif and the Late Mesozoic tectonics of East Asia, a multidisciplinary study has been carried out. In this study, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and gravity modeling have been applied on these Jurassic plutons (Lüshan, Jishilazi and Guanyindong), which intrude into the Yiwulüshan massif. According to laboratory measurements and microscopic observations on thin sections, the AMS of the Yiwulüshan massif is characterized by secondary fabrics, indicating that the intensive post solidus deformation has reset the (primary) magmatic magnetic fabrics. A relatively gentle NW dipping magnetic foliation has been identified with two distinct groups of magnetic lineations of N34°E and N335°E orientations, namely L_M1 and L_M2, relatively. Gravity modeling reveals a southward thinning of the massif with a possible feeding zone rooted in the northern part of the massif. Integrating all results from structural observation, geochronological investigation, AMS measurement and gravity modeling, two tectonic phases have been identified in the Yiwulüshan massif, posterior to the Jurassic (180–160 Ma) magmatism in the Yinshan–Yanshan area. The early one concerns a Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (~ 141 Ma) compressional event with a top-to-the-south to southwest sense of shear. The second one shows an Early Cretaceous (~ 126 Ma) NW–SE ductile extensional shearing. At that time, sedimentary basins widened and Jurassic plutons started to be deformed under post solidus conditions. In fact, the NW–SE trend of the maximum stretching direction is a general feature of East Asian continent during Late Mesozoic.     

新疆柯坪巴立克立克组腕足动物群

报道和首次描述巴立克立克组腕足动物共30属39种,其中1新属7新种.该动物群具有石炭、二叠系过渡的性质,时代属于阿舍尔末期至萨克马尔最初期.Choristites qiudaisaiensis-Costifrina indicus 带分为 Postamartinia granulipwa-Rugivestis kutorgae 上亚带和 Costiferina punilus-Meckella hemiplicata 下亚带.下亚带属于阿舍尔末期,上亚带属于萨克马尔最初期,石炭、二叠乐界线置于下、下亚带之间,该动物群生物地理区系属古地中海大区,次级区系特征不明显,具混合性质。     

川东北飞仙关组鲕粒特征与水动力相关性研究

早三叠世鲕粒在全球范围内广泛发育,且出现巨鲕。川东北飞仙关组台缘鲕粒滩非均质性强,鲕粒类型复杂。选择川东北龙潭村、莱溪及鱼洞子剖面进行野外实测、镜下鉴定及粒度分析,对鲕粒类型及粒度参数演化与水动力相关性进行研究。研究发现川东北飞仙关组发育7种原生沉积鲕粒,9种后生改造成因鲕粒,其中后生改造成因的破碎鲕可进一步细分。除偏度外,平均粒径、标准偏差、峰度等粒度参数及粒度资料图解曲线形态具有很强的相关性,与鲕粒类型结合判断龙潭村鲕粒滩由活动边缘带转变为稳定鲕粒砂坪沉积,水动力逐渐减小;莱溪呈活动边缘带—稳定鲕粒砂坪—活动边缘带沉积旋回,水动力先减小再增大;鱼洞子向上水动力逐渐减小。但含巨鲕的层位与整体的鲕粒类型及粒度变化趋势相关性较差,这可能是由于巨鲕异常大的粒径形成主要受微生物作用和海水碳酸盐岩饱和度的快速增大复合影响,而非水动力快速变化。因此,在利用粒度参数判断具有巨鲕发育的沉积环境水动力条件时,不能简单地凭借粒度便做出结论,需对鲕粒粒度参数进行相关性分析,去除相关性较差的样品数据。     

安徽滁州地区闪长质岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学:岩石成因和动力学意义

用LA-ICP-MS测得安徽滁州2个闪长玢岩样品中锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为126.19±0.44Ma和126.4±0.7Ma,结合前人研究,得出滁州地区岩体的侵位时代应为120~130Ma之间,为早白垩世。岩石地球化学研究显示,Si O_2含量变化范围为56.75%~60.90%,具有高Al_2O_3(14.82%~15.77%)、Mg O(4%)、Sr(750×10~(-6))、Sr/Y(62~110)、La/Yb(20~36),低Y、Yb的特征,同时富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Eu异常不明显,属于典型的埃达克质岩。Mg~#值为39~45,K_2O/Na_2O值为0.57~0.96,平均值为0.75,明显低于大别造山带加厚下地壳埃达克岩,Ce/Pb值较低,大多集中在3~5之间,类似于陆壳而明显低于洋壳。研究认为,安徽滁州地区埃达克质岩由拆沉下地壳部分熔融形成,埃达克质岩浆在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩发生反应,导致熔体Mg O、Cr、Ni等含量增加。早白垩世中国东部地壳伸展减薄导致下地壳拆沉,地幔物质的参与带来铜、金等成矿物质,埃达克质岩可作为该地区重要的找矿标志。     

再探青藏高原十大关键地学科学问题——《地质学报》百年华诞纪念

本文重新审视了青藏高原的关键科学问题,为解决板块构造理论的"登陆"难题提供新的线索,为理解板块汇聚边界的大陆岩石圈演化及其能源资源、地质灾害和全球环境效应提供新的思路.本文探讨了青藏高原如下十大关键地学问题:①印度大陆北漂模型;②印度-亚洲初始碰撞时限;③青藏高原的古特提斯造山作用;④古近纪喜马拉雅造山带的地壳缩短;⑤...     

综合物探技术在小盘岭公路隧道选线中的应用

利用综合物探技术,查明岩体风化情况、围岩分类以及构造带分布,进而为公路隧道的选线提供足够的信息,具有重要的意义。采用先进的电阻率成像技术和高分辨率浅层地震勘探方法,在小盘岭公路选线时,取得了很好的应用效果。     

广西大厂拉么锌铜多金属矿床成岩成矿作用年代学研究

本文对广西大厂矿田拉么矿区内出露的酸性侵入岩和矿石进行了精细的年代学研究,分别获得龙箱盖含斑黑云母花岗岩锆石原位SHRIMP UPb和全岩RbSr等时线年龄为94±4Ma（95%可信度）和98.6±1.9Ma（95%可信度）,矽卡岩成矿期锌铜矿石中石英矿物RbSr等时线年龄为98.6±6Ma（95%可信度）。上述测定结果表明,拉么锌铜多金属矿床的成矿年龄与相关岩体的成岩年龄接近,均形成于早白垩世晚期。