巴西绿欧泊的宝石学特征

近期国内珠宝市场上出现一种产自巴西的绿欧泊,该类绿欧泊表现出的宝石矿物学特征与传统的欧泊有着明显差异。采用常规宝石学测试手段,并结合电子探针、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、紫外吸收光谱等测试分析方法,就其化学成分、物相、微结构、谱学特征及颜色成因等问题展开初步研究。结果表明,巴西绿欧泊的主要矿物组成为蛋白石,含不等量的α-方石英和α-鳞石英等次要矿物,整体呈不规则胶柬状结构,局部微波纹理发育;该类欧泊主要由直径约10～30nm的SiO2球粒聚集而成;由H2O和M—OH倍频振动致近红外吸收谱带位于7000cm-1处,由H2O合频振动致近红外吸收谱带分别位于5200,5612cm叫处,由M—OH与[SiO4]合频振动致近红外吸收谱带位于4600-4100cm-1范围内。笔者还对巴西绿欧泊的呈色机理一并给予了探讨。     

一次暴雨过程预报的多模式NWP产品与物理参数的综合分析应用

对照常规天气图实况资料,检验几种常用NWP产品对2008年7月5日山东一次强降水过程的形势场预报和降水预报,并对其物理量场进行诊断分析.结果表明,暴雨落区与诸多物理量场的配置紧密相关;暴雨区出现在低层水汽辐合中心移动路径上,位于与水汽通量散度强辐合中心和强上升运动中心接近处;暴雨区移动方向与水汽通量大值中心、△θse(500-850)负值中心长轴方向一致,水汽通量散度低层辐合、高层辐散两者均满足时有利于强降水发生;200 hPa高空辐散的抽吸作用远比仅有低层辐合更有利于上升运动发展;地面强降水区出现在200 hPa强辐散中心所在处.     

煤层顶底板DEM二维光照渲染制图方法

煤层顶底板等高线图是煤矿企业用于生产决策的一种常用图纸,这种图的直观性较差,难以阅读。参照Tanaka明暗等值线图的方法提出一种基于二维显示的煤层底板DEM的光照渲染制图方法。该方法通过假定光源所处的位置,并计算DEM的三角面片的法向,进而求得三角面片的亮度,然后以填充绘制的方式将所有三角形以二维的方式绘制出来。这种方法具有显示效率高、编程简单、易于图层叠加、效果较Tanaka法逼真等优势。     

无人驾驶小车的地图驱动机制研究

随着无人驾驶技术的快速发展,导航地图的服务对象逐渐由人类向以无人驾驶汽车为代表的机器过渡,但细节信息不足、更新频率与精度较低的传统导航地图已无法满足无人驾驶技术对其的应用需求,因此,高精度地图的作用日益突出.然而,高精度地图在无人驾驶中的作用机制尚没有很清晰的分析.基于高精度地图视角,研究并设计了高精度地图在无人驾驶系...     

Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Asian–Pacific Monsoon Region Simulated in CAMS-CSM

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO) is simulated by the Climate System Model(CSM) developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS), China Meteorological Administration. Firstly, the results indicate that this new model is able to reasonably simulate the annual cycle and seasonal mean of the precipitation, as well as the vertical shear of large-scale zonal wind in the tropics. The model also reproduces the eastward and northward propagating oscillation signals similar to those found in observations. The simulation of BSISO is generally in agreement with the observations in terms of variance center, periodicity, and propagation, with the exception that the magnitude of BSISO anomalous convections are underestimated during both its eastward propagation along the equator and its northward propagation over the Asian–Pacific summer monsoon region. Our preliminary evaluation of the simulated BSISO by CAMS-CSM suggests that this new model has the capability, to a certain extent, to capture the BSISO features, including its propagation zonally along the equator and meridionally over the Asian monsoon region.     

综论土壤呼吸各组分区分方法

研究土壤呼吸各个组分对土壤总呼吸的贡献是定量评价植物和土壤碳平衡及能量平衡的 重要基础。目前区分土壤有机质分解呼吸和根呼吸的方法主要有成分综合法、壕沟法、根分离法、 林隙法、根生物量外推法、同位素法, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸的方法有同位素稀释法、模 拟根际沉降物法、¹⁴CO₂ 动态法、根系分泌物洗涤法、δ¹³C 微生物量法及一些非同位素法的联合。 土壤呼吸各组分区分研究中, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸将是未来研究的一个重大课题, 区 分方法的改进、完善和创新, 不同区分方法间的比较研究将是未来研究的一个重要方向。     

雅安市雨城区壶穴形态特征

以雅安市雨城区的严桥河和周公河流域的河床壶穴为研究对象,对128处壶穴形态规模与几何参数进行详细测量。运用定量统计方法分析壶穴的分布规模和形态特征。结果表明:周公河流域壶穴大多分布在岸边大石块上,严桥河流域壶穴主要分布于河床的岩坎上;两地壶穴平均分布密度为0.43个/m2,相对其他区域较小,且壶穴的长短轴和平均口径与深度都有相对明显的规律。在平面形态上,壶穴形态多样,周公河以近圆型壶穴最多,占52.5%,严桥河以椭圆型壶穴最多,占63.6%。在垂直剖面形态上,周公河处壶穴90%属于U型,其余为V型;严桥河处壶穴V型和U型分别占52.3%和44.3%,还有3.4%属倒Ω型;两地壶穴都以浅型为主。     

Contribution of trimethylamine N-oxide on the growth and pressure tolerance of deep-sea bacteria

Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO) is widely dispersed in marine environments and plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen. Diverse marine bacteria utilize TMAO as carbon and nitrogen sources or as electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration. Alteration of respiratory component according to the pressure is a common trait of deep-sea bacteria. Deep-sea bacteria from dif ferent genera harbor high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) inducible TMAO reductases that are assumed to be constitutively expressed in the deep-sea piezosphere and facilitating quick reaction to TMAO released from ?sh which is a potential nutrient for bacterial growth. However, whether deep-sea bacteria universally employ this strategy remains unknown. In this study, 237 bacterial strains affliated to 23 genera of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment or amphipods collected at dif ferent depths. The pressure tolerance and the utilization of TMAO were examined in 74 strains. The results demonstrated no apparent correlation between the depth where the bacteria inhabit and their pressure tolerance, regarding to our samples. Several deep-sea strains from the genera of Alteromonas, Halomonas,Marinobacter, Photobacterium, and Vibrio showed capacity of TMAO utilization, but none of the isolated Acinebacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Muricauda, Novosphingobium, Rheinheimera, Sphingobium and Stenotrophomonas did, indicating the utilization of TMAO is a species-speci?c feature. Furthermore, we noticed that the ability of TMAO utilization varied among strains of the same species. TMAO has greater impact on the growth of deep-sea isolates of Vibrio neocaledonicus than shallow-water isolates. Taken together, the results describe for the ?rst time the TMAO utilization in deep-sea bacterial strains, and expand our understanding of the physiological characteristic of marine bacteria.     

褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察

为探究卵胎生鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)的仔、稚鱼消化系统组织学特点, 采用常规组织切片技术, 并用HE染色和组织化学染色, 比较分析了产出后0~50d的褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学变化。结果显示: 褐菖鲉初产仔鱼已分化出口咽腔, 并具有初始的食道、胃、肠、肝脏和胰脏; 2日仔鱼肛门与外界相通, 食道扩大, 开始摄食, 进入混合性营养期; 3~4日仔鱼幽门盲囊出现, 食道内壁出现黏膜皱褶5~6个, 胃黏膜皱褶5个, 肝细胞团区域扩大; 5~6日仔鱼卵黄囊和油球耗尽, 进入外源性营养期, 食道黏膜上皮出现杯状细胞, 肠道弯曲, 可区分前中肠和后肠两部分; 10~14日仔鱼食道环肌层明显, 黏膜皱褶增加到7~12个, 胃壁四层结构基本形成, 肠道黏膜皱褶加深, 纹状缘清晰可见, 肝细胞分裂迅速, 数量显著增加, 体积增大, 出现肝血窦和胰岛; 28~30日稚鱼出现胃腺和胃小凹, 已具功能性胃, 标志着稚鱼期的开始, 此时胰岛细胞数量和酶原颗粒增多, 消化能力显著提高; 47~50日稚鱼已基本具有成鱼胃的特征, 肠道纹状缘发达, 肝细胞呈多边形, 细胞内含大量脂肪颗粒, 消化系统从结构和功能上已趋于完善。由此可见, 褐菖鲉仔鱼和稚鱼消化系统的发育具有卵胎生鱼类发育较早的特点, 与其消化功能的完善密切相关。     

船载海水温度观测研究

通过研究国家相关海洋观测标准对海水温度观测的规约,结合当前船载水温观测的现状,提出了基于总线的船载磁吸附温度链式观测方法,并对其在结构设计、理论模型、算法等多方面进行了阐述.通过多个竖直分布的温度传感器实时观测,采用自适应参数化算法,有效减少了风浪、海流、热辐射等方面的影响,具有观测层深相对固定、精度高等特点,可实现船...