NOTE ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE NORTH SHENSI BASIN

The geology of the north Shensi basin has been studied to some detail bythe American geologists Fuller,Clapp and others~1 in an oil exploration partysent out in 1914 under the joint auspices of the Chinese National Oil Administra-     

A condensation nuclei counter with photographic recording

Summary A condensation nuclei counter based onAitken's principle is described and depicted. It permits simultaneous observations of the graticule by two persons or the observation of the graticule by one person and the synchroeous photographic recording of the droplets on 35 mm film strip or single plates. With one exposure, the droplets on 24 squares of the millimetre graticule can be recorded so that a repetition of the necessary operations required by other counters in order to obtain an average count becomes superfluous and the time taken for one experiment is reduced to three quarters of a minute. The limitation to five droplets per square mm recommended for all hitherto existing nuclei counters with eye observations is removed when the droplets and the graticule are photographed. By the use of a special sealing arrangement and by employment of vacuum taps which proved most satisfactory with the previous construction of a photo-electric nuclei counter, leakages are practically impossible. The glass windows of the receiver are interchangeable with plates of conducting glass which can be heated by the passage of an electric current. The construction ensures that the 1 cm distance above the graticule is always maintained, independent of the tightening of the sealing arrangement. The receiver is equipped with a stirrer operated from outside by a permanent magnet. Two easily detached pumps are provided; one for purifying the air in the receiver and for the dilatation, the other for sucking the sample of impure air into the receiver. The adiabatic cooling in the receiver can be produced e. g. by means of an expansion pump. The method of measuring is discussed. Examples of records are reproduced. Applications and the development of a fully automatic recording nuclei counter are indicated.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Kernzähler, derAitkens Prinzip benützt, wird beschrieben und abgebildet. Er gestattet die gleichzeitige Beobachtung des Zählglases durch zwei Personen oder die Beobachtung des Zählglases durch eine Person und die gleichzeitige photographische Registrierung der Tröpfchen auf Kino-Normalfilm (von 35 mm) oder Platten. Miteiner Aufnahme können die Tröpfchen auf 24 Quadraten des in Quadratmillimeter geteilten Zählglases festgehalten werden, so dass eine Wiederholung der erforderlichen Operationen, welche bei allen anderen Kernzählern vorgeschrieben sind, um Mittelwerte der Einselzählungen zu erhalten, überflüssig ist und die Dauereines vollständigen Experimentes auf dreiviertel Minuten reduziert wird. Die Beschränkung auf fünf Tröpfchen per Quadratmillimeter, welche für die meisten bisherigen Kernzähler bei Augenbeobachtungen empfohlen wird, wird aufgehoben, wenn die Tröpfchen und das Zählglas photographiert werden. Durch eine spezielle Dichtungseinrichtung und durch Verwendung von Vakuum-Hähnen, welche sich bei der Konstruktion eines photo-elektrischen Kernzählers so sehr bewährt haben, ist Undichtwerden des Rezipienten praktisch unmöglich. Die Spiegelglasfenster des Rezipienten können gegen solche aus leitendem Glas ausgetauscht werden, welche mittels eines durch sie geschickten elektrischen Stromes geheizt werden können. Die Konstruktion gewährleistet, dass der Abstand (1 cm) oberhalb des Zählglases stets erhalten bleibt, unabhängig vom Drucke, der auf die Dichtung ausgeübt wird. Der Rezipient ist mit einem Rührer ausgestattet, der von aussen durch einen permanenten Magneten betätigt wird. Es sind zwei Pumpen vorgesehen, die leicht abnomontiert werden können; die eine ist für die Reinigung der Luft im Rezipienten und für die Dilatation zur Herbeiführung des Tropfenfalles bestimmt, die andere dient zum Einsaugen der zu untersuchenden Luftprobe in den Rezipienten. Die adiabatische Abkühlung im Rezipienten kann z.B. mittels der Dilatationspumpe erzeugt werden. Die Messmethode wird beschrieben. Probe von photographischen Registrierungen der Tröpfchen auf dem Zählglase werden reproduziert. Einige Anwendungen und die Entwicklung eines voll-automatisch registrierenden Kernzählers wird angedeutet.

     

Über die finnischen Arbeiten zum Problem der Isostasie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The New Discoveries of Sinanthropus pekinensis and Their Bearing on the Sinanthropus and Pithecanthropus Problems

In my publication on the Choukoutien population published lastyear I gave a list of all the Sinanthropus material available at that time.Since then only a few new discoveries have been made which, althoughfew in number, are of the greatest importance.     

A Ring Model for Limit Analysis of Spatial XX Tubular Joints

-A ring model is developed to investigate the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints in the case that the brace is compressed. In the present analysis, the tubular joint is made of elasto-perfectly-plastic material, and the arch element of the chord section intersecting with the brace is assumed to be rigid. It is found that when 6 plastic hinges for X joint and 8 plastic hinges Tor XX joint appear in the ring, the limit state is reached, and by means of the equivalent ring width Be formula proposed in a previous paper by the authors, the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints subjected to compression can be obtained.     

Relativistic Information Entropy on Uncertainty Analysis

- in this paper, a new approach to relativistic information entropy is used to assess some relative uncertainties in structural reliability assessment. This approach is composed of the information theory and the relativistic theory, and can be used to measure the relativity of parameter uncertainty and system uncertainty in structural reliability theory based on the same generalized relativistic reference system. Therefore, the structural reliability assessment can be assessed reasonably by the approach.     

Behavior of Deformation and Strength of Concrete Under Biaxial Stresses

The study of the behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses is essential to the design of offshore concrete platforms. Using the multiaxial test apparatus developed by the authors, the deformation and strength of concrete under biaxial stresses are studied experimentally. Based on the test data, an endochronic damage constitutive model and a failure criterion are proposed. According to the above model, an incremental nonlinear iterative programme is developed, and a plate sample in plane stress state is analyzed.     

Offshore Design Waves for Dayaowan Port Area of Dalian Port

This paper introduces the calculating procedure of the offshore design waves for the Dayaowan port area of Dalian Port. Some suggestions are proposed about the conventional calculating methods with measured waves data.     

Long-Term Joint Distribution of One-Tenth Large (or Significant) Wave Height with Average Period

- In this paper, by using the wave data from a few oceanographic observation stations in the coastal zone of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the long-term joint distribution of the one-tenth large (or significant) wave height with average period is studied. The statistical data demonstrate that the long- term distribution of the one- tenth wave height or average period fits the log-normal distribution, thus the joint distribution also fits the two-dimensional log-normal distribution. Then the conditional probability distribution of the average period is derived, and the range as well as the mode of the average wave period corresponding to a certain return period of wave height can be calculated easily.     

Buckling Propagation in Marine Pipelines

The buckling propagation in marine pipelines is studied by means of the cylindrical shell model in this paper. Several parameters including geometrical parameter D/ T, L/ D, physical parameter E and σy are discussed. The computed results are compared with the available experimental data and other computed results, it is found that the present results are closer to the experimental results than other computed results.