因子克里格分析支持的重金属元素空间多尺度变化特征——以北部湾东北部海域为例

将因子克里格分析方法应用于海底沉积物重金属元素空间多尺度变化的研究中,分析了北部湾东北部表层沉积物中7种重金属元素,Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Cd的空间多尺度结构特征,识别并分离了重金属元素不同尺度的空间变化,并探讨了各个尺度上重金属的物源及控制因素。结果显示,研究区重金属存在块金效应、变程为30km的球状结构(短变程尺度)和变程为140km的球状结构(长变程尺度)等三种尺度的空间结构,并拟合了研究区7种重金属元素的线性协同区域化模型。短变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布表现为"点状"或"条带状"的局部尺度的空间变化特征;长变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布反映出"片状"的区域尺度的空间变化特征。局部尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb和Cd等元素主要源于海南岛、雷州半岛、广西大陆等陆地母岩物质,其空间分布特征受到了沉积物粒度的控制作用;而As主要受到海南岛、雷州半岛的人为污染成分的影响。区域尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu主要来源于雷州半岛、海南岛的母岩物质,其次为广西大陆;As主要来源于海南岛的母岩物质,其次为雷州半岛、广西大陆。这些重金属元素在北部湾终年逆时针大环流的控制下,进行搬运、迁移并沉积在"汇聚中心",形成了研究区重金属元素区域尺度上NWW-NNW向的分布格局;而As不同于其他元素的亲陆的NNW向分布特征,主要源于其不同的地球化学行为。     

江苏省主要湖泊的降水量与湖泊的降水效应

本文分析了江苏境内主要湖泊的降水量特征,揭示了长江是江苏各湖泊不同降水量特征的一条十分明显的天然界线;估算了太湖的降水效应,并据此推估出江苏主要湖泊的降水效应不太明显;江苏各湖泊的降水量与其水位年过程趋势相似,只是后者位相滞后于前者而已。     

土体冻结过程中的盐分场研究

As to salty soil, salt migrates with water in freezing soils, assembles and crystallizes continuously. Consequently the swelling of the soil volume leads to the phenomenon of salt heaving. It has a practical significance for solving salt-heaving and frost-heaving damage in engineering to deepen the understanding of salt heaving mechanism. In this paper a general overview about new research results at this aspect was presented. And then the study of salt migration and salt heaving mechanism and present salt heaving models were summarized. For further researching the field of salt transfer it is urgent to continually strengthen the salt migration and the numerical simulation study of salt heaving mechanism to expect perfecting the general evaluation of salt heaving prediction models so as to have a better service for engineering.     

PBO钻孔应变同震响应分析

以2017-09-08墨西哥8.1 级地震为例,分析14个PBO综合钻孔应变仪和地震仪同址记录的地震波信号,结果表明,应变仪记录的地震波符合射线传播规律。对不同震中距的站点进行基于S变换的应变仪与地震仪的同震响应特征分析,二者同震响应一致性较好,应变仪频段主要在0.25 Hz以下。取震后1 h应变数据进行分析发现,同震阶段应变主方向指向震中。     

Effects of nutritional factors on the growth and heterotrophic eicosapentaenoic acid production of diatom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitzschia laevis</Emphasis>

The effects of several nutritional factors on the growth and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production of diatom Nitzschia laevis were studied. 4 LDM (quadrupled concentration of the nutrient salt) was the optimal concentration of nutrient salt for the growth and EPA production of N. laevis. The growth of N. laevis was inhibited when the glucose concentration was either lower than 10 gL⁻¹ or higher than 15 gL⁻¹. Both sodium nitrate and urea were good nitrogen sources for the growth and EPA production, while ammonium chloride seriously decreased the dry cell weight (DW) and the EPA content. Silicate seriously influenced the growth of N. laevis. The maximum DW of 2.34 gL⁻¹ was obtained in the presence of 150 mgL⁻¹ Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O. The EPA content remained almost the same when the silicate concentration was lower than 150 mgL⁻¹; however, higher silicate concentrations resulted in a steady decrease of EPA content. Low medium salinity (⩽29) did not seem to influence the DW of N. laevis, and high salinity resulted in a decrease of DW. The highest EPA content (4.08%) and yield (110 mgL⁻¹) were observed at the salinity of 36 and 29, respectively.     

海岸带遥感研究现状及发展趋势分析

系统地探明海岸带遥感的研究现状和发展趋势,对于应对海岸带地区面临的生态系统功能下降、自然岸线损失、水质恶化等问题具有至关重要的意义。为了充分明晰海岸带遥感研究现状及发展趋势,本文以“海岸带遥感”为主题,基于Web of Science数据库,筛选出1990—2019年发表的相关文献共6 083篇;从论文发表基本情况、科研合作和研究内容聚焦及主题演变方面进行了较为系统的文献计量评价和知识图谱分析。在文献发表基本情况方面,1990—2019年间海岸带遥感发文量呈现较为稳定的上升趋势;区域性特征明显,主要集中于各大洲沿海地区,发达国家在该领域的研究中占据主流地位;Remote Sensing of Environment是该领域刊文量最高的期刊,且具有最高的影响因子;美国、中国科学院和Hu C M分别为发文量最高的国家、机构和作者;根据H指数的分析结果,相关科研成果的学术影响力仍有待进一步提升。在科研合作方面,美、英等发达国家之间形成了较为紧密的合作网络;虽然中国科学院是发文量最大的科研机构,但是中介中心性仅为0.09,低于美国国家航空航天局(0.16)和美国国家海洋与大气管理局(0.12)...     

水下发射超空泡射弹对UUV平台姿态影响分析

超空泡射弹武器能够突破普通射弹水中运动极限,有效打击水雷等水下目标。针对水下发射超空泡射弹武器的平台适应性开展了初步研究,建立了超空泡射弹武器及 UUV 搭载平台仿真模型,计算分析了水下超空泡射弹武器在不同方位、不同角度发射时 UUV 平台姿态角的变化,得到了水下发射超空泡射弹对 UUV 平台姿态的影响规律,为水下超空泡射弹武器系统及其平台适配性研究提供了依据。     

Macrofaunal Spatial Patterns in Relationship to Environmental Variables in the Richibucto Estuary,New Brunswick,Canada

Estuarine macrobenthos respond to a variety of environmental gradients such as sediment type and salinity, and organic enrichment. A relatively new influence, organic loading from suspended bivalve culture, has the potential to alter this response. A study on soft-bottom macrobenthic communities was carried out in the Richibucto estuary (46°40′N, 64°50′W), New Brunswick, Canada, with samples collected from 18 stations in late September and early October 2006. The site consisted of a large tidal channel originating upstream in a small river. The channel was punctuated by bag culture of oysters along its length. A total of 88 species were recorded. The mean values of abundance, species richness, and diversity (H′) of macrofauna were 11,199 ind. m⁻² (ranged from 4,371 to 19,930 ind. m⁻²), 23.4 species grab⁻¹ and 3.29 grab⁻¹, respectively. In general species richness and H′ increased from the upper estuary to the estuarine mouth. Multivariate analyses clearly exhibited the spatial distribution in community structure, which coincided with the locations along the estuary (the upper, the lower and the mouth), as well as inside and outside the channel. Species richness and diversity H′ showed strong positive correlations with salinity (21.2–25.2 ppt), and abundance was positively correlated with water depth (1.0–4.5 m). Abundance and species richness were negatively correlated with both of silt–clay fraction (3.3–24.8%) and sorting (σ_I). Species richness was also negatively correlated with organic content (1.9–12.7%). The BIO-ENV analyses identified silt–clay fraction, σ_I and salinity as the major environmental variable combination influencing the macrofaunal patterns, and silt–clay fraction as the single best-correlated variable.     

遥感筛选评价区化异常的初步探索

近年来,作者发展了七种以上重要找矿指示元素的野外快速分析法,此乃其一。文中提出一种新的金样冷浸技术,引进了新的光导光度检测方法,样品经溴化钠—硫酸—过氧化氢冷浸,用经丙酮—MIBK处理的泡沫塑料富集金,经混合解脱剂解脱并直接取解脱液用改进的微珠析出法或用光导光度法测定。取10g样品,可测定0．0005- 50g/t范围内的金。方法简便、快速,可在普查分队驻地进行,每一工作日可测定80多个样品,由于废弃了王水分解样品和泡沫塑料的灰化,具有广阔的应用前景。     

QUASI-RESONANCE OF BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERIC WAVES AND EXTRATROPICAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION*

In operating the quasi-geostrophic two-layer model,the quasi-resonance occurs possibly in two cases:(1)pure barotropic waves;(2) two baroclinic and one barotropic waves.For case (2),we find the analytical solution of triad amplitude of quasi-resonance and approximate expression for the period of wave energy variation.Both the approximate expression and numerical calculation indicate that this period tends to approach the period (2πε)/(△ω) of the quasi-resonance frequency mismatch △ω itself for the baroclinic atmosphere than for the barotropic atmosphere.Physically,there is a feedback mechanism between the wave phase and amplitude,and the slowly varying phase difference between the barotropic wave and the baroclinic wave causes the conversion of kinetic energy and available potential energy,which gives rise to the wave-related low-frequency oscillation alternatively strengthening and weakening with the oscillation period identical to the above approximate formula.For △ω～(0.1-0.02) 0(ωj),the averaged energy period is 12-43 days and when △ω=0,it is 366 days.Therefore,the occurrence of frequency mismatch △ω is probably a new important mechanism for the formation of extratropical low-frequency oscillation in baroclinic atmosphere as well.