水量统一调度以来黄河宁夏河段引黄耗水量分析

对1999~2012年黄河水量统一调度期间宁夏河段引水和退水的年内和年际变化、引排比关系进行了分析。采用引退水法和水量平衡法计算了宁夏河段的引黄耗水量。结果表明:引退水法平均耗水量为32.64×10~8m~3,年际变化相对比较平缓;水量平衡法平均耗水量为39.37×10~8m~3,年际变化非常明显。建议进一步加强实际引退水口门的数量核实和引退水的监测分析工作。     

青藏高原新生代火车头山碱性及钙碱性两套火山岩的地球化学特征及其物源讨论

藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列.钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO2介于49%～70%之间,Al2O3＞10%,Na2O/K2O＞1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3～1.8,（La/Yb）N为2.87～4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96～1.09;该套岩石的Mg#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=1.53～5.35）表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融.本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO2介于44%～59%之间,Al2O3＞14%,Na2O/K2O介于0.47～1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20～15.76,（La/Yb）N=50.44～91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg^#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=2.63～13.98）表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.77～0.85）以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据.     

Land Cover Change Characteristics of North-South Transect in Northeast Asia from 2001 to 2012

Northeast Asia is an area with relative concentrations of resources, a complex ecological environment pattern, and a marked human-land contrast relationship. This area has significance for analyzing land cover patterns and variations for regional sustainable development among the trans-boundary areas of China, Russia, and Mongolia. In this paper, the transect analysis research tool and transfer matrix method are used to capture the regional land cover change characteristics by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) datasets recorded from 2001 to 2012.The spatial distribution results show that forests have increased dramatically, cropland increased marginally, and grassland and shrubs decreased totally. The inter-annual variation, results show a steady and slowly increasing trend for grassland and shrubs, dramatic fluctuation features with an increasing trend for forest land, and zigzag wave changing characteristic for cropland. The total land use dynamic degree (TLUDD)was steady, with an overall slightly increasing trend.     

黄河三角洲地貌环境体系

黄河三角洲是由三角洲上部冲积平原一下部冲积海积平原（超潮滩）─周边潮滩三个区带的地貌系列构成．它们之间形成三条地貌环境岸线，是一个复杂而统一的陆上─潮滩堆积地貌体系．该体系研究对三角洲发育．环境及其开发利用有一定理论和实践意义．     

辽宁沉积盖层建造组合与构造古地理时空演化关系讨论

以板块构造学说为指导,以大陆动力学理论研究大陆块体离散、会聚、碰撞、造山的大陆动力学过程为主线,划分了陆块构造演化阶段.辽宁省由胶辽陆块、晋冀辽陆块2个Ⅰ级构造古地理单元组成;Ⅱ级构造古地理单元3个,即辽东陆内、燕辽裂谷、燕辽陆内;Ⅲ级构造古地理单元11个;Ⅳ级构造古地理单元14个.利用沉积岩建造组合与构造古地理单元时空结构演化关系,为研究辽宁省大地构造环境演化提供较系统的基础地质资料.     

FD─1型多功能防盗报警器

地震监测设施点多面广，被盗、被破坏的情况时有发生，直接和间接的经济损失十分严重。由此引起的仪器停记，造成资料中断的损失则无法用金钱计算、针对此问题，我们运用模糊控制技术技术，研制开发了ＦＤ－１型多功能防盗报警器。它通过检测来访者的文明程度，采取一系列相应的反击措施：即自动打开室内灯光、电视机、录音机等，造成室内有人的假象；对不知趣者给予警告、警铃……直至发出＂有电危险，请勿靠近＂的警告和电击（无生命危险），达到御敌于门外之目的。该报警器不仅适用于地震台站，也广泛用于各企业事业单位和家庭防盗等。     

卫星编队InSAR系统分辨率设计

依据脉冲信号压缩技术,从SAR成像理论出发,在介绍了SAR分辨率定义的基础上,分析了影响基于卫星编队InSAR系统分辨率的原因是存在距离向和方位向基线。在成像处理时,为了确保干涉相位精度,需进行去相关预滤波处理,由此引起系统成像带宽变窄,分辨率下降。依据影响分辨率的原因,提出了基于卫星编队InSAR系统分辨率设计思想,并根据该思想对分辨率的影响情况进行了分析。     

强震前地震非均匀度异常与前兆群体异常关系的研究

通过对比研究华北地区部分中强以上地震震前地震非均匀度异常与区域地震前兆观测群体异常的变化过程, 发现两者在地震前的异常时空演化过程中, 具有一定的关联性。 在时间上, 部分地震震前的地震非均匀度异常出现后, 半年左右前兆观测异常在数量上将出现一次较大幅度的增加; 在空间上, 前兆异常展布范围与地震非均匀度异常范围大体一致。 研究结果表明, 地震非均匀度(GL值)在强地震前出现的异常变化从震例的角度, 表明可能与局部应力场变化有关。 地震非均匀度和前兆群体异常的这种准同步变化, 可能对判定地震孕育进入中短期阶段具有一定的指示意义。     

Soil indicators for eco-geographic regionalization: A case study in mid-temperate zone of eastern China

Eco-geographic regional system is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality. In previous studies, soil types were often taken as a basis for soil regionalization. However, the quantitative characteristics of soil indicators are fitter than the qualitative ones of soil types for modern regionalization researches. Based on the second China’s national soil survey data and the provincial soil resource information, by principal analysis and discriminant analysis, this paper discusses the appropriate soil indicators as the complement of eco-geographic region indicator systems and the relationships between these soil indicators and soil types in regionalization. The results show that five indicators are used in eco-geographic zonality in mid-temperate zone of eastern China which are organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, pH, clay content and bulk density in topsoils. With a regression-kriging approach, the maps of soil indicators in mid-temperate zone of eastern China are compiled with a resolution of 1 km in every grid and the indicative meanings of these soil indicators are discussed. By cluster analysis it is proved that these soil indicators are better than the soil types and soil regionalization in delineating eco-geographic regions.     

Nonlinear coupled analysis of a single point mooring system

Coupled effects on a single point mooring(SPM) system subjected to the combined action of wind,waves and current are studied in this paper. Due to the complicatedness of the sea state and the huge size of the vessel,physical experimental study is both time consuming and uneconomical,whereas the numerical study is cost-effective and DNV software provides powerful SESAM software in solving the issues. This paper focuses on the modeling process of the SPM system,catenary equilibrium calculation,static analysis of the vessel in three different scenarios,and dynamic response simulation of the SPM system under environmental excitations. The three scenarios in study are as follows:the SPM is under the combined function of(a) wind,waves and current,(b) wind and waves,(c) current and waves. They are so set that one can compare the contributions of different types of loads in both static and dynamic studies. Numerical study shows that wind and current are the two major factors contributing to the mooring line tension,and surge and sway are the two dominant motions of the moored vessel subjected to environmental excitations.