海洋的比熵和等熵分析

基于海水热力学局域平衡的假定及Feistel(2003,2005)给出的海水Gibbs热力学势函数表达式,利用全球海洋观测数据,计算了全球海洋网格域的比熵、位温、位密等热力学参数,分析了海水比熵的时-空分布格局及其与位温、位密以及中性面之间的关系。分析结果表明,海洋中的比熵与位温之间具有确定的解析关系,而海洋中的比熵与位密、中性面之间的分布则无明显的一致性;这一结论为文章进一步导出海洋内部近似稳态大尺度地转环流在等熵面上的流函数,证明等熵面与等密面的交线即物理海洋学上经典的动力计算方法中的Montgomery流函数,进而为海洋内部的准地转运动的等熵-等密分析提供了新的热力-动力学依据。     

哈维氏弧菌生物被膜体外模型的建立及成膜特性研究

采用改良微孔板法建立哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi TS-628菌株生物被膜体外模型,并进一步研究环境因子对哈维氏弧菌体外形成生物被膜的影响。结果发现,哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株可以在聚苯乙烯板中形成生物被膜,并且该菌生物被膜的形成受起始菌液浓度、温度、pH等理化因子的显著影响。温度为30℃、NaCl质量分数为3%—6%、pH为7、孵育时间为36h是哈维氏弧菌形成生物被膜的最佳条件。此外哈维氏弧菌在分别经表皮黏液、鳃黏液、肠道黏液、肝脏提取液、脾脏提取液、肌肉提取液包被的基质上成膜效果显著,其中在经肝脏提取液包被的基质上形成的生物被膜量显著高于在其他生物基质上形成的生物被膜量(p<0.01)。     

REE and εNd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean:Evidence for clay sources

The surface sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean are mainly composed of biogenetic fossils, silicate detritus, ferromanganese spherolites and clay fractions. Among them, the clay fractions with grain size less than 2 μm (mainly clay minerals) are mostprevalent, especially in the non-calcareous sediments (the content of calcareous fossils is less than 5%), the clay fraction contents often exceed 70%[1―5]. Because of the influences of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), equatorial currents, …     

Analysis of Wave Nonlinear Dispersion Relations

1. Introduction The application of the equation taking into account the weak nonlinearity along with the specificboundary condition is a very important and feasible way to study the wave field influenced by weak non linearity, including refraction, diffraction and shoaling. Results of study show that the method can givesufficient accuracy for practical purposes (Booij, 1981; Hedges, 1987; Choi, 1995; Dingemans,1997; Zhu and Hong, 2001; Li and Yu, 2002; Inan and Balas, 2002; Sun and Ga…     

水生细菌数量与菌体大小测定技术的进展

水生细菌的数量与菌体大小是海洋微生物研究的关键参数，随着技术的进步，测定这些参数的方法有了很大的发展．本文介绍了其测定技术的发展历程，并对已有的测定方法进行了介绍、归纳和评述，认为流式细胞仪测定法是测定细菌数量与菌体大小较为合适的方法。     

Similarities of Some Wind Input and Dissipation Source Terms

Wind input parameterizations proposed by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant are analyzed. It is round by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three wind input parameterizations exists. Wave breaking dissipation parmneterizations proposed by Tsikunov, Hasselmann, and Phillips are also analyzed. Likewise it is found by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three dissipation parameterizations exists. The similarities of wind input and dissipation are applied to the investigation of the fetch-limited growth of wind waves, together with the 3/2 power law presented by Toba. Some semi-empirical formulas concerning the growth of wave height and period with fetch are presented. The results from the formulas are in good agreement with previous field observations.     

A coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea I. Study on model and parameter

1 IntroductionAs an important compartment of global cli-mate system, the development and variation ofsea ice directly affect the global atmosphere andocean environment, especially the deep watersformation and circulation. Therefore, it be-comes one of the keys of the global climatestudy to explore the coupling physical processof sea ice to atmosphere and ocean in the cli-mate system and to set up the global coupledairiceocean system. The studies on the in-teraction of iceocean and its coupled…     

Statistics of breaking waves and its applications to estimation of air-sea fluxes (Ⅰ)——Theoretical models

Wave breaking statistics, such as the whitecap coverage and average volume of broken seawater, are evaluated in terms of wave parameters by use of wave breaking model (Yuan et al., 1988) taking the fifth order Stokes's wave as the analog of the original wave field. Based on the observed fact that breaking waves play an important role in the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the atmosphere and the ocean, the influence of wave breaking on air-sea fluxes of heat and moisture is investigated. Theoretical expressions of bubble-volume flux and sea spray spectrum at the sea surface and models for bubble-induced and spray droplet-induced heat and moisture fluxes are established. This work can be taken as the basis for further understanding the mechanism of air-sea coupling and parameterization models.     

上地幔各向异性分析中地壳的影响

应用伪谱法研究了地壳各向异性对上地幔各向异性分析的影响. 用几种不同情况下的两层各向异性模型,模拟了全波场,着重分析了不同深度观测点上的剪切波分裂特征. 结果表明,当地壳为各向同性或其各向异性主轴与上地幔重合或相互垂直时,在地壳观测到的快、慢剪切波的偏振方向保持了上地幔中的偏振方向;重合时,快、慢波走时延迟增大;垂直时,走时延迟减小. 当地壳的各向异性主轴与上地幔成一般夹角时,其粒子运动轨迹变得十分复杂,不能直观地识别上地幔各向异性中的快波方向,对走时延迟也有一定的影响. 将常用的两种分析方法应用于对模拟结果的反演,发现当地壳各向异性与上地幔各向异性方向为一般夹角时,反演结果会出现较大的误差或误判. 进而提出解决这一问题的方法,一是综合多种方法的结果;二是由拟合残差或相关系数等值线作进一步的确定.