Hydrogeological Zoning of the Central Minusinsk Basin by the Conditions of Formation of Fresh Groundwater Resources

A detailed hydrogeological zoning of the central part of the Minusinsk artesian basin is performed. Local basins confined to smaller plicated structures, as well as hydrogeological massifs of local scale, are recognized within large block structures. Direction of subsurface streams and their role in the formation of groundwater resources and composition are discussed. Forecast resources of fresh groundwater are estimated for every recognized structure.     

Close binary EHB stars from SPY

We present the results of a radial velocity (RV) survey of 46 subdwarf B (sdB) and 23 helium-rich subdwarf O (He-sdO) stars. We detected 18 (39%) new sdB binary systems, but only one (4%) He-sdO binary. Orbital parameters of nine sdB and sdO binaries, derived from follow-up spectroscopy, are presented. Our results are compared with evolutionary scenarios and previous observational investigations.     

Capture of particles in hypervelocity impacts in aerogel

Abstract— The capture in aerogel of 106 μm diameter glass beads is investigated for impact speeds of 1 to 7.5 km s^?1. Three different aerogel densities were used, 60,96 and 180 kg m^?3. It was found that the length of the penetration track in the aerogel increases with speed until a maximum is reached. Above the maximum speed the track length decreases. This behaviour is similar to that which has previously been observed for particles impacting polystyrene foams and porous alumina. Whilst track length was not found to be an unambiguous indicator of impact speed, the excavated track volume was found to be a suitable indictor of speed. Further, it was possible to estimate the original particle size by measurements of the track volume and entrance hole size. In addition sub‐100 μm diameter particles composed of various minerals were fired into aerogel and the characterisation of the particles in situ by use of a Raman spectrometer was evaluated. This was found to work well, giving vibrational spectra essentially similar to those of the bulk minerals, thus providing a mineralogical rather than an elemental signature for the captured particles.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF LOESS.

In general, geologically speaking, it has been noted that if the formation of coal took place during the Permo-Carboniferous period, its volatile matter will al ways be less than 30％ when analized, and the contrary is usually the case for coal created during the Tertiary and Jurassic, these having more than 40％.     

SOME NOTES ON THE CONTACT BETWEEN THE YANGFANG GRANITE AND THE OVERLYING TIAO-CHI-SHAN BEDS.

Early in July, 1928, Mr. H. K. Lin, the noted lawyer of Peking, approached Dr. W. H. Wong, director of the Geological Survey of China, for solution of some water supply problems, recently arisen in a tract of hilly land (of which Mr. Lin is the owner) in the eastern foot of the Mont Miao FengShan     

A PETROGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE CHINESE AGALMATOLITES

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION. The most popular Chinese agalmatolites are Shoushanshih (壽山石), Changhuashih (昌化石), Chingtienshih (青田石) and Kwanglushih (廣綠石). They are named after the names of places, as the name Shoushanshih is from     

Formation mechanism of eco-geo-environmental hazards in the agro-pastoral interlocking zone of northern China

 High sensitivity and distinct degradation characterize the eco-geo-environment in the agro-pastoral interlocking zone in northern China. Because of its specific natural conditions and human activities, this zone is easy to change and transfer between typical agricultural and pastoral environments. Several kinds of eco-geo-environmental hazards exist in the zone, such as land desertification, climatic disasters, endemic disasters, etc. The mechanisms of these eco-geo-environmental hazards include geotectonic processes in the Earth's history, and exogenic causes, such as the East Asia monsoon and irrational human activities. Both tectonic processes and exogenic causes act on the ecologically vulnerable environment, which makes the potential eco-geo-environmental vulnerabilities real hazards. Received: 9 July 1999 · Accepted: 18 April 2000     

Stable isotope (O and C) and pollen trends in eastern Lake Erie,evidence for a locally-induced climatic reversal of Younger Dryas age in the Great Lakes basin

A cool period from about 11000 to 10 500 BP (11 to 10.5 ka) is recognized in pollen records from the southern Great Lakes area by the return of Picea and Abies dominance and by the persistence of herbs. The area of cooling appears centred on the Upper Great Lakes. A high-resolution record (ca. 9 mm/y) from a borehole in eastern Lake Erie reveals, in the same time interval, this pollen anomaly, isotope evidence of meltwater presence (a — 3 per mil shift in ¹⁸O and a +1.1 per mil shift in ¹³C), increased sand, and reduced detrital calcite content, all suggesting concurrent cooling of Lake Erie. The onset of cooling is mainly attributed to the effect of enhanced meltwater inflow on the relatively large upstream Main Lake Algonquin during the first eastward discharge of glacial Lake Agassiz. Termination of the cooling coincides with drainage of Lake Algonquin, and is attributed to loss of its cooling effectiveness associated with a substantial reduction in its surface area. It is hypothesized that the cold extra inflow effectively prolonged the seasonal presence of lake ice and the period of spring overturn in Lake Algonquin. The deep mixing would have greatly increased the thermal conductive capacity of this extensive lake, causing suppression of summer surface lakewater temperatures and reduction of onshore growing-degree days. Alternatively, a rapid flow of meltwater, buoyed on sediment-charged (denser) lakewater, may have kept the lake surface cold in summer. Other factors such as wind-shifted pollen deposition and possible effects from the Younger Dryas North Atlantic cooling could have contributed to the Great Lakes climatic reversal, but further studies are needed to resolve their relative significance.Contribution to Climo Locarno — Past and Present Climate Dynamics; Conference September 1990, Swiss Academy of Sciences — National Climate ProgramGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 58 890     

Aerodynamic Parameters of a UK City Derived from Morphological Data

Detailed three-dimensional building data and a morphometric model are used to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length z ₀ and displacement height d over a major UK city (Leeds). Firstly, using an adaptive grid, the city is divided into neighbourhood regions that are each of a relatively consistent geometry throughout. Secondly, for each neighbourhood, a number of geometric parameters are calculated. Finally, these are used as input into a morphometric model that considers the influence of height variability to predict aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height. Predictions are compared with estimations made using standard tables of aerodynamic parameters. The comparison suggests that the accuracy of plan-area-density based tables is likely to be limited, and that height-based tables of aerodynamic parameters may be more accurate for UK cities. The displacement heights in the standard tables are shown to be lower than the current predictions. The importance of geometric details in determining z ₀ and d is then explored. Height variability is observed to greatly increase the predicted values. However, building footprint shape only has a significant influence upon the predictions when height variability is not considered. Finally, we develop simple relations to quantify the influence of height variation upon predicted z ₀ and d via the standard deviation of building heights. The difference in these predictions compared to the more complex approach highlights the importance of considering the specific shape of the building-height distributions. Collectively, these results suggest that to accurately predict aerodynamic parameters of real urban areas, height variability must be considered in detail, but it may be acceptable to make simple assumptions about building layout and footprint shape.