全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2488篇 |
免费 | 146篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 208篇 |
大气科学 | 178篇 |
地球物理 | 671篇 |
地质学 | 877篇 |
海洋学 | 148篇 |
天文学 | 421篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
自然地理 | 117篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 59篇 |
2019年 | 44篇 |
2018年 | 146篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 182篇 |
2015年 | 155篇 |
2014年 | 171篇 |
2013年 | 198篇 |
2012年 | 169篇 |
2011年 | 165篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 106篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 77篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1950年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2645条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
971.
Distribution and thickness of sedimentary facies in the coastal dune, beach and nearshore sedimentary system at Maspalomas, Canary Islands 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Angela Fontán Bouzas Javier Alcántara-Carrió Isabel Montoya Montes Andrés Barranco Ojeda Silvia Albarracín Jorge Rey Díaz de Rada Jorge Rey Salgado 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(2-3):117-127
Numerous studies have shown that most beaches and coastal dune systems of the world are currently eroding but very few have investigated the combined sediment budgets of subaerial and nearshore submarine systems. In the case of the dune field of the Maspalomas Natural Special Reserve (in the south of Gran Canaria), the adjacent Maspalomas and El Inglés beaches and the adjacent submarine platform, the sediment budgets have been severely affected by erosion over the past few decades. The objectives of this study were to investigate the availability of sand within the modern sedimentary system, including the coastal dunes, the beaches and the submerged shelf, but also to assess local sediment sinks. An isopach map generated on the basis of topo-bathymetric data and seismic-reflection profiles revealed that sediment thickness varies from 0–22 m in the study area. Expanses of relatively low sediment thickness were identified in the south-western sector of the coastal dune field along Maspalomas beach, and in the nearshore region to the south of this beach. These localized sediment-deficit areas earmark Maspalomas beach as the most vulnerable shore strip threatened by erosion. The shallow seismic data also revealed that the submarine platform south of Maspalomas represents a marine terrace cut into an ancient alluvial fan, thus documenting an influence of the geomorphological heritage on the present-day morphodynamics. A side-scan sonar mosaic of this nearshore platform enabled the delimitation of areas covered by rock, boulders and gravel, vegetated sand patches and a mobile sand facies, the latter including ripple and megaripple fields. The megaripple field in a valley close to the talus of the marine terrace has been identified as a major sediment sink of the Maspalomas sedimentary system. It is fed by south-westerly storm-wave events. The sediment deficit in the coastal dune field and along Maspalomas beach can therefore only be explained by a currently faster loss of sediment to an offshore sink than can be compensated by the supply of sand from outside the system. 相似文献
972.
Multi-spectral decomposition of functional autoregressive models 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
R. Salmerón M. D. Ruiz-Medina 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):289-297
Functional data models provides a suitable framework for the statistical analysis of several environmental phenomena involving
continuous time evolution and/or spatial variation. The functional autoregressive model of order p, p ≥ 1, (FAR(p)) extends to the infinite-dimensional space context the classical autoregressive model AR(p) (see, for example,
Mourid T (1993) Processus autorégressiifs d’ordre supérieur. Acad Sci t.317(Sér. I):1167–1172). In this paper, we derive a multidimensional diagonalization of the functional parameters (operators)
involved in the FAR(p), p > 1, formulation. The functional state equation is then transformed into a discrete system of scalar state equations. The
decomposition obtained is optimal regarding information on spatiotemporal interaction affecting the evolution of the spatial
behavior of the process of interest. For functional prediction and filtering, we implement the Kalman filter equations from
the diagonal version derived for FAR(p) models.
This work has been supported in part by projects MTM2005-08597 of the DGI, MEC, and P05-FQM-00990, P06-FQM-02271 of the Andalousian
CICE, Spain. 相似文献
973.
The degradation reactions of two monoazo pigments, namely, Red 53:1 and Red 48:2, by Fenton, photo‐Fenton and UV/H2O2 systems have been studied. The efficiencies of the Fenton reactions increased with temperature, but the formation of solid agglomerates was observed when the reactions were carried out above 50°C indicating a coagulant action of Fe+2 or Fe+3. Photo‐Fenton reactions irradiated by sunlight presented the best rate constants for cleavage of the azo bond and the naphthalene rings. The UV/H2O2 system exhibited the highest efficiency with respect to the consumption of H2O2. The presence of a carbonyl group in the ortho position of the naphthol ring hampered the oxidation of pigment Red 48:2 by hydroxyl radicals. This finding may be explained in terms of the acceptor character of the COOH group, and suggests the formation of a complex containing two six‐membered rings between Fe+3 and the pigment molecule. 相似文献
974.
Laboratory experiments were conduced to assess the synergic effect of chilling and light on photosystem II photochemistry of the halophyte, Sarcocornia fruticosa, grown at different salinity concentrations (0, 170, 340, 510 and 1030 mM). Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured after chilling (at 5 °C in darkness) and light-chilling (at 5 °C and 700 μmol m?2 s?1) treatments, and after 24 h of recovery (at 20 °C and 75 μmol m?2 s?1). At 5 °C and 700 μmol m?2 s?1, plants grown with 0 and 170 mM NaCl showed the lowest Fv/Fm values, whereas quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) was higher for plants grown at 170 and 340 mM NaCl, these results being consistent after two exposures to chilling treatments. Susceptibility to photoinhibition decreases when low temperature and high light are combined with high salinity. Therefore, populations of S. fruticosa that occur in arid environments with salinities c. 340 mM could show a higher tolerance to light-chilling. 相似文献
975.
Y. Olvera-Carrillo J. Márquez-Guzmán M.E. Sánchez-Coronado V.L. Barradas E. Rincón A. Orozco-Segovia 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(4-5):421-427
Opuntia tomentosa seeds have physiological dormancy and a permeable but hard funicular envelope that restricts water uptake and embryo growth. Dormancy break, germination, and changes in the funiculus were compared in laboratory-stored seeds and in those buried for 7 months at different microsites and later exhumed and stored in the laboratory. The funicular envelopes of both lots were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seeds in both lots were: scarified with H2SO4 (0, 45, 60 and 90 min), treated with gibberellins (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm) and germinated at the same ages (0, 2, 4, 7, and 10 months after exhumation) at 24 °C. Light effect was determined at 24 °C and 20–35 °C. In laboratory-stored seeds germination was low. Exhumed seeds germinated in ~50%, the remaining ones required scarification and gibberellins, but lost dormancy two months later. Gibberellins reduced germination heterogeneity, and scarification reduced germination; the adverse effect of scarification was offset by gibberellins. Exhumed seeds germinated mainly in darkness at 20–35 °C and partially in far red light at both temperatures. SEM showed that fungi eroded the funiculus reducing its resistance. O. tomentosa could form a seed bank, ensuring its survival under heterogeneous environments. 相似文献
976.
Combining 3D Hydraulic Tomography with Tracer Tests for Improved Transport Characterization 下载免费PDF全文
Hydraulic tomography (HT) is a method for resolving the spatial distribution of hydraulic parameters to some extent, but many details important for solute transport usually remain unresolved. We present a methodology to improve solute transport predictions by combining data from HT with the breakthrough curve (BTC) of a single forced‐gradient tracer test. We estimated the three dimensional (3D) hydraulic‐conductivity field in an alluvial aquifer by inverting tomographic pumping tests performed at the Hydrogeological Research Site Lauswiesen close to Tübingen, Germany, using a regularized pilot‐point method. We compared the estimated parameter field to available profiles of hydraulic‐conductivity variations from direct‐push injection logging (DPIL), and validated the hydraulic‐conductivity field with hydraulic‐head measurements of tests not used in the inversion. After validation, spatially uniform parameters for dual‐domain transport were estimated by fitting tracer data collected during a forced‐gradient tracer test. The dual‐domain assumption was used to parameterize effects of the unresolved heterogeneity of the aquifer and deemed necessary to fit the shape of the BTC using reasonable parameter values. The estimated hydraulic‐conductivity field and transport parameters were subsequently used to successfully predict a second independent tracer test. Our work provides an efficient and practical approach to predict solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers without performing elaborate field tracer tests with a tomographic layout. 相似文献
977.
The main objective of this work is to compare directional (declination and inclination) volcanic and archaeomagnetic data for the last four centuries (~1600–1990) with the historical geomagnetic predictions given by the GUFM1 model which spans from 1590 to 1990. The results show statistical agreement between archaeomagnetic data and directions given by the geomagnetic field model. However, when comparing the volcanic data with the model predictions, marked inclination shallowing is observed. This systematically lower inclination has already been observed in local palaeomagnetic studies (Italy, Mexico and Hawaii) for the 20th century, by comparing recent lava flows with the International Reference Geomagnetic Field (IGRF) model. Here, we show how this inclination shallowing is statistically present at worldwide scale for the last 400 years with mean inclination deviation around 3° lower than the historical geomagnetic field model predictions. 相似文献
978.
979.