2008年5月12日汶川MW 7.9地震的震源位置与发震时刻

综合运用四川省地震台网与紫坪铺水库地震台网的观测资料,精确地测定了2008年5月12日汶川MW7.9地震的震源位置与发震时刻．指出,对汶川地震这样的大地震精准定位,必须克服或尽量减少远台观测对地震精确定位的局限性、地壳介质模型的不完善性以及识别与检测初至波震相的不一致性等因素的影响．通过分析对比、反复试验,从上述台网中精心选取了方位分布均匀、具有近震源台站约束、直达P波震相确系由初始破裂辐射出的15个地震台的直达P波到时数据,反演得出精确度比区域性地震台网常规测定的精确度高一个数量级的汶川大地震的定位结果,即:发震时刻（北京时间）:2008年5月12日14:27:57.59plusmn;0.03 s;震中位置:31.018deg;Nplusmn;0.3 km,103.365deg;Eplusmn;0.3 km;震源深度:15.5 kmplusmn;0.3 km．      

便携式高频地波雷达海流探测长周期工作性能试验

2013年1月29日至3月15日在台湾海峡西南部海域进行了OSMAR-S100便携式高频地波雷达与浮标观测海流数据的长周期对比试验,验证了雷达系统在探测海流方面的准确性、可靠性和稳定性.通过实测海流与雷达矢量流的复相关分析,选定3 m层的海流为对比代表层.试验期间实测流速为0.0~120.0 cm/s,雷达海流有效探测区内的矢量流流速、流向的观测误差较小,能够满足实时监测海洋表层流的需要,高精度区流速、流向的均方根误差分别为9.1 cm/s和24.8°,边缘区的均方根误差为13.3~24.8 cm/s和39.4°~39.6°,与国内外达到业务化运行要求的同类产品实际观测精度相当.     

A nitrate and silicate budget in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: a coupled physical–biological model study

A coupled physical–biological model was developed to simulate the low-silicate, high-nitrate, and low-chlorophyll (LSHNLC) conditions in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and used to compute a detailed budget in the Wyrtki box (5°N–5°S, 180–90°W) for the major sources and cycling of nitrogen and silicon in the equatorial Pacific. With the incorporation of biogenic silicon dissolution, NH₄ regeneration from organic nitrogen and nitrification of ammonia in the model, we show that silicon recycling in the upper ocean is less efficient than nitrogen. As the major source of nutrients to the equatorial Pacific, the Equatorial Undercurrent provides slightly less Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ to the upwelling zone, which is defined as 2.5°N–2.5°S. As a result, the equatorial upwelling supplies less Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ into the euphotic zone in the Wyrtki box, having a Si/N supply ratio of about 0.85 (2.5 vs. 2.96 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹). More Si(OH)₄ than NO₃ is taken up with a Si/N ratio of 1.17 (2.72 vs. 2.33 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹) within the euphotic zone. The difference between upwelling supply and biological uptake is balanced by nutrient regeneration and horizontal advection. Excluding regeneration, the net silicate and nitrate uptakes are nearly equal (1.76 vs. 1.84 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹). However, biogenic silica export production is slightly higher than organic nitrogen (1.74 vs. 1.59 mmolm⁻² day⁻¹) following a 1.1 Si/N ratio. In the central equatorial Pacific, low silicate concentrations limit diatom growth; therefore non-diatom new production accounts for most of the new production. Higher silicate supply in the east maintains elevated diatom growth rates and new production associated with diatoms dominate upwelling zone. In contrast, the new production associated with small phytoplankton is nearly constant or decreases eastward along the equator. The total new production has a higher rate in the east than in the west, following the pattern of surface silicate. This suggests that silicate regulates the diatom production, total new production, and thereby carbon cycle in this area. The modeled mean primary production is 48.4 mmolCm⁻² day⁻¹, representing the lower end of direct field measurements, while new production is 15.0 mmolCm⁻² day⁻¹, which compares well with previous estimates.     

白天和夜间通用的卫星遥感沙尘判识算法构建与验证分析

Himawari-8是日本发射的新一代静止气象卫星,与前一代的MTSAT-2相比,在时间、空间分辨率上都有了很大提升,特别是红外通道数量从4个增至10个,为红外遥感沙尘提供了新的观测数据。本研究利用Himawari-8的红外观测数据,发展了仅用红外通道的沙尘全天候判识算法,可以实现对白天和夜间的连续监测。算法在前人基础上去除了可见光通道,同时引入更多红外通道来进行云检测和沙尘判识。由于一日之中,地表温度发生变化,因此针对白天和夜间设置了两套不同的判别阈值,来保证算法的全天适用性。最后通过两次沙尘事件对沙尘判别结果的分析和检验表明,遥感判识结果与地面气象站和PM_(10)观测较为一致,说明了只用红外通道全天候判识沙尘的可行性。     

地震计远程监控功能接口的实现

提出了一种适用于地震计远程监控功能接口的实现方式,扩充了地震数据采集器的应用。     

城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估方法与实证研究：以哈尔滨市道里区为例

城市内涝灾害频发,对居民生命安全造成严重威胁,为提高城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估精度,提出一种更为精确的受灾人口评估方法。以哈尔滨市道里区为研究区,以城市内涝灾害受灾人口为研究对象,运用一、二维非恒定流为主控方程,构建城市内涝数值模拟模型,并结合受灾人口分布特点,综合构建基于土地利用的人口随时间变化的计算模型。实现在模拟内涝灾害影响范围基础上,利用受灾人口计算模型提取白天与夜晚受灾人口分布情况。结果表明：研究区在百年一遇降雨情景下,有25条街道会发生不同程度积水,积水深度范围值为0.10~1.42 m;此级别内涝灾害在白天11条街道受灾人口数量最大值达到3 500人,夜晚10条街道受灾人口数量最大值为720人。     

盐酸-碱金属氯化物-水三元体系和HCl-LiCl-MgCl 2-H2O四元体系 热力学性质研究综述

H ,L i ,Mg2 / Cl-- H2 O四元体系 0°C,2 0°C,4 0°C的溶解度预测中需要大量参数 ,而这些参数的获得 ,依赖于盐酸 -碱金属氯化物 -水三元体系和 HCl- L i Cl- Mg Cl2 - H2 O四元体系的热力学性质。总结了近 50年来国内外对上述体系的热力学性质的研究 ,为 H ,L i ,Mg2 / Cl-- H2 O四元体系 0°C,2 0°C,4 0°C的溶解度预测奠定基础 ,同时为 Pitzer模型增添更合理的参数。     

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Analysis on monthly-averaged distribution of sea surface wind and wave over the seas southeast of Asia using ERS-2 scatterometer data

The wind system over the seas southeast of Asia (SSEA) plays an important role in China's climate variation. In this paper, ERS scatterometer winds covering the period from January 2000 to December 2000 and the area of 2-41 °N, 105- 130°E were analyzed with a distance-weighting interpolation method and the monthly mean distribution of the sea surface wind speed were given. The seasonal characteristics of winds in the SSEA were analyzed. Based on WAVEWATCH Ⅲ model, distribution of significant wave height was calculated.     

地倾斜台站数字化、模拟观测数据频率特性研究

分析了四川、云南的部分地倾斜数字化观测与模拟观测资料的特性，从频率范围，周期10天以上的FFT谱特性，固体潮波振幅，相位特征值等方面，论述了地倾斜数字化资料较模拟记录资料的信息组成变化，并对资料的分析与应用进行了初步探讨。