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西天山海西中期花岗岩的地质特征及其构造环境

海西中期花岗岩是西天山加里东褶皱带内规模最大的一次岩浆活动。本文从岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学等方面对该期花岗岩的成因类型、岩浆起源和形成的构造环境进行了探讨，认为海西中期花岗岩以Ｉ型为主，Ｓ型次之，在空间上成对分布，花岗岩浆起源于地壳；海西中期花岗岩形成于活动大陆边缘岛孤环境．     

粉喷桩加固滨海相软土地基的试验研究

针对连云港地区滨海相软土的工程特性,讨论了采用粉喷桩加固滨海相软土地基的加固效果,包括采用标准贯入试验,取芯无侧限抗压强度值对粉喷桩的桩身质量进行评价以及通过复合地基的静载荷试验评价粉喷桩复合地基,同时根据连云港地区的软土特征建立了标准贯入击数与无侧限抗压强度之间的关系。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷中基性火山岩的时代与其成因

锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,松辽盆地长岭断陷松南180井中基性火山岩形成于101～116 Ma的早白垩世晚期,属于营城组,非火石岭组火山岩。岩相学观察主要由安山岩和橄榄玄武岩组成,化学成分显示为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,属碱性系列,镁质量分数较低,镁值较小（Mg^#=0.27~0.53）。稀土元素总量较高（w（∑REE）=（164.98~257.27）×10^-6）,轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=6.60~10.96）,铕异常微弱（δEu=0.85~1.02）。富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, Rb,K 相对亏损,相容元素（Cr、Co、Ni）质量分数低,高场强元素Nb、Ta弱富集,整体表现出与 OIB(洋岛玄武岩)一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,经历了深部地幔流体的交代富集作用,岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染。     

A formula for computing the gravity disturbance from the second radial derivative of the disturbing potential

 A formula for computing the gravity disturbance and gravity anomaly from the second radial derivative of the disturbing potential is derived in detail using the basic differential equation with spherical approximation in physical geodesy and the modified Poisson integral formula. The derived integral in the space domain, expressed by a spherical geometric quantity, is then converted to a convolution form in the local planar rectangular coordinate system tangent to the geoid at the computing point, and the corresponding spectral formulae of 1-D FFT and 2-D FFT are presented for numerical computation. Received: 27 December 2000 / Accepted: 3 September 2001     

Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China

Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of 1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃⁻, calcite saturation index, and CO₂ partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream. In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO₂ degassing) during day time and consumption of CO₂ due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release of CO₂ by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO₂ production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed. The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow out of water.     

山东东营凹陷新近系地层水化学场特征及油气意义*

为揭示中国东部新生代浅部地层水化学场响应及油气意义,在东营凹陷新近系试油资料统计分析的基础上,对东营凹陷新近系的水化学场特征进行了研究。结果表明,与古近系沙河街组三段与四段封闭性滞留型水化学场特征明显不同,新近系馆陶组和明化镇组总体以低矿化度的NaHCO₃型地层水为主体（矿化度小于5 g/L）;其水化学剖面宏观上具有一定的分带性,大致可以划分为3种水文环境：强开放性水文流畅带(0～0.7km)、弱开放性水文阻滞过渡带(0.7～1.1km)和相对封闭性水文迟缓带(＞1.1km);在不同的水化学作用带,水岩作用和地层水矿化度、离子和离子参数具有不同的响应;东营凹陷新近系Ca相对海水富集(Ca_excess)和Na相对海水亏损(Na_deficient)的定量关系Ca_excess≤0.2367Na_deficient-0.6261,显示出明显的钠亏损特征,钙富集量也远低于世界盆地流体线(Basin Fluid Line,BFL;Davisson,1996)所代表的富集量,与同凹陷古近系沙三、沙四段封闭性水文地质系统中钠相对富集特征也明显不同,反映了地层水蒸发浓缩作用弱及与地表水交替活动强烈的水文地质作用特征;地层水化学场的分布影响了原油密度和天然气的分布规律,使得东营凹陷新近系原油密度与天然气相对密度在剖面上的分布规律与地层水分有良好的一致性。     

中国西北现代气候变化事实与未来趋势展望

利用西北地区建站至2000年常规气象观测站资料及美国NCEP/NCAR再分析全球网格点资料,分析了西北地区现代气候变化的特点,揭示了西北地区气候由暖干转向暖湿的事实.在此基础上对未来几十年气候变化趋势作了初步估计.     

云南省东北部拱王山第四纪冰川遗迹研究

云南省东北部的拱王山海拔３１００ｍ以上的山地发生过第四纪冰川作用，典型的冰川遗迹集中分布在轿子山峰附近和妖精塘－牛洞坪两个地区，遗存的冰川地貌主要有冰斗，冰蚀岩盆和侧碛堤。根据冰川地貌的组合特征，以及它们生成的先后顺序，将拱王山第四纪冰川作用划分为末次冰期的倒数第二期冰期。     

GIS在1∶5万榆关镇幅区域地质调查中的应用

讨论ＧＩＳ系统在１∶５万区调中的应用,阐述ＧＩＳ系统在区调过程中对各种资料的处理与编辑,包括野外资料的采集、图层的划分及图形与图像图件的编制。建立了榆关镇幅综合信息库。