四川盆地龙泉山含油气构造浅层天然气对隧道工程危害研究

龙泉山是具备油气生储盖组合的含油气构造,出露侏罗系和白垩系非煤系地层,有7个构造高点,节理裂隙发育,是浅层天然气有利聚集区,沙溪庙组砂岩是浅层天然气主要储层。已建达成铁路炮台山隧道和成-简快速通道龙泉山2#隧道在施工中都出现浅层天然气燃烧和爆炸现象。拟建的成洛大道东延线、成安渝高速公路和成渝客专又将以隧道方式通过龙泉山含油气构造,故研究浅层天然气对隧道危害有重要意义。通过现场8座隧道共20个钻孔天然气浓度测试,发现8座隧道均有浅层天然气显示,天然气最高浓度8.654%,最低浓度0.081%, 8座隧道均受到天然气危害。研究表明,隧道所处构造位置和地层岩性是隧道受浅层天然气危害大小的主要影响因素,隧道离含油气构造高点越近,在穿越裂隙发育的地层时,其钻孔天然气浓度越高,隧道受浅层天然气危害越大。     

中国海域地名的源流与时空特征北大核心CSCDCSSCI

海域地名是中国海洋文明的历史见证,在维护海洋权益、发展海洋经济等方面发挥着重要作用。依据地方志等历史资料,以“海(洋)”地名为例,对中国海域地名的源流和时空特征进行分析。研究表明:①中国海域地名具有较强的稳定性和生命力,其发展可以分为海域地名的空间指代模糊时期(先秦至宋代)、海域地名的空间指代清晰时期(宋代至清末)、海域地名中西融合时期(清末至1949年)、海域地名的系统整理和有序管理时期(1949年以后)4个阶段。②中国海域地名的得名原因主要可分为7种:因方位得名、因岛礁沙洲得名、因水文特征得名、因沿陆岸(或较大岛屿岛岸)的地理事物(政区、聚落、山峰等)得名、因航海相关的传说等得名、因海洋出产得名、因海域地形得名。③中国海域地名的空间分布呈现出明显的南北差异,以长江口为界,南方沿海诸省级行政区(含香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区)的海域地名数量远高于北方,南方又以浙江、福建、广东三省为最,岛屿数量等自然地理因素和海洋贸易等社会经济因素是造成此种差异的主要原因。④2018年国家海洋局、民政部受权公布了《我国部分海域海岛标准名称》,其中的“海(洋)”地名是1980年代中国海域海岛地名普查成果的体现。针对中国海域地名整理和研究的现状,提出加强海域地名的整理、公布与命名,明确海域的相关概念,规定海域地名的通名,海域地名的处理需符合国家海洋权益4条建议。     

Long-term trend analysis of wave characteristics in the Bohai Sea based on interpolated ERA5 wave reanalysis from 1950 to 2020

Reasonably understanding of the long-term wave characteristics is very crucial for the ocean engineering. A feedforward neural network is operated for interpolating ERA5 wave reanalysis in this study, which embodies a detailed record from 1950 onwards. The spatiotemporal variability of wave parameters in the Bohai Sea, especially the significant wave height (SWH), is presented in terms of combined wave, wind wave and swell by employing the 71 years (1950–2020) of interpolated ERA5 reanalysis. Annual mean SWH decreases at ?0.12 cm/a estimated by Theil-Sen estimator and 95th percentile SWH reflecting serve sea states decreases at ?0.20 cm/a. Inter-seasonal analysis shows SWH of wind wave has steeper decreasing trend with higher slopes than that of swell, especially in summer and winter, showing the major decrease may attribute to the weakening of monsoon. The inner Bohai Sea reveals a general decreasing trend while the intersection connecting with the Yellow Sea has the lower significance derived by Mann-Kendall test. Meanwhile, 95th percentile SWH decreases at a higher rate while with a lower significance in comparison with the mean state. The frequencies of mean wave directions in sub-sector are statistically calculated to find the seasonal prevailing directions. Generally, the dominant directions in summer and winter are south and north. A similar variation concerning to SWH, the trend of the mean wave period is provided, which also shows a decrease for decades.     

Pinpointing source of Mekong and measuring its length through analysis of satellite imagery and field investigations

For centuries, explorers and scientists from different countries had made their own conclusions on the source of the Mekong. However, the geographic source of the Mekong is still arguable because of the complexity of the Mekong source water system, inaccessible environment and the varied technologies used by those explorers and scientists. The satellite remote sensing technology has been used to pinpoint the source of the Mekong, associated with the on-the-spot investigations made by the authors in June 1999 and September 2002. The actual length of the Mekong has also been calculated.     

2007年太湖蓝藻水华提前暴发气象成因探讨

2007年5月太湖蓝藻提前暴发,引发无锡自来水污染,出现供水危机.本文从影响蓝藻水华形成的气象要素入手,分析了无锡2007年冬春季节的气候特点.由于北方冷空气强度偏弱,位置偏北,导致2007年冬春季气候异常,气温记录连创新高,降水偏少,风向转换提前,造成越冬蓝藻种源丰富,复苏繁殖提早,从而导致蓝藻水华提前暴发.     

DGZ-150B型旋喷钻机提升系统稳定性分析及改进

钻机提升系统在开启和关闭时存在着严重的液压冲击现象,因而会造成钻机运行的不平稳。产生液压冲击主要是由换向阀开启和关闭时液压油和负载的动能瞬时转化为压力能而造成的。本文结合DGZ-150B型多管全方位旋喷钻机,主要介绍了通过改进提升液压系统回路和选择合理的提升速度来降低液压冲击的影响。通过利用AMESim 软件对改进前后的提升液压系统建模仿真,可以看出改进后的液压系统对液压冲击有明显的控制,系统稳定性大大提高。按照改进后的提升液压系统对钻机的提升系统进行改造,钻机在步进提升时基本感觉不到液压冲击,钻机的震动大大减轻,稳定性增强。     

无锡着装气象指数研究

本文统计分析了无锡市温、湿、风的变化规律，并探讨其对着装厚度的影响，得出了计算着装厚度的经验公式以及与着装厚度相对应的着装建议，提出了增减衣气象指数。文中提出的增减衣气象指数与着装厚度气象指数的联合运用，提高了服务的针对性和准确性。气象指数应用软件可利用中尺度数值预报产品自动生成着装气象指数，方便地应用于预报服务。     

Pinpointing Source of Mekong and Measuring Its Length Through Analysis of Satellite Imagery and Field Investigations

For centuries, explorers and scientists from different countries had made their own conclusions on the source of the Mekong. However, the geographic source of the Mekong is still arguable because of the complexity of the Mekong source water system, inaccessible environment and the varied technologies used by those explorers and scientists. The satellite remote sensing technology has been used to pinpoint the source of the Mekong, associated with the on-the-spot investigations made by the authors in June 1999 and September 2002. The actual length of the Mekong has also been calculated.     

The study on the bottom friction and the breaking coefficient for typhoon waves in radial sand ridges--the Lanshayang Channel as an example

Owing to the interactions among the complex terrain, bottom materials, and the complicate hydrodynam-ics, typhoon waves show special characteristics as big waves appeared at the high water level (HWL) ...