利用经验模态分解和主成分分析的SAR图像相干斑抑制

对SAR图像应用对数加性噪声模型,将经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD)与主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)相结合,提出了一种基于PCA的EMD相干斑抑制算法。根据对数SAR图像中相干斑噪声的统计特性和高斯白噪声经EMD分解后的能量分布模型,近似估算SAR图像经EMD分解后各层内蕴模态函数中所含噪声的能量;将内蕴模态函数利用PCA进行分解,根据PCA对含噪信号的分解特性和内蕴模态函数中噪声能量所占的比例,选择合适的成分分量重构内蕴模态函数,以进一步去除噪声保留有用的细节信息。仿真实验结果表明,本文方法在有效抑制相干斑噪声的同时可以较好地保持边缘纹理细节的清晰。     

GAMIT在数据处理中若干问题探讨

讨论了GAMIT软件在处理区域GPS数据时,控制文件sestbl.的不同设置对计算结果和精度的影响,以期为同行的工作者们提供参考.     

测量监测技术在高层钢结构施工中的应用实践

本文结合大连期货大厦高层钢结构施工放样工程论述了高层钢结构主体施工控制和监测的工艺方法,具体介绍了首层控制网建立,内控点投测、轴线控制,标高控制、标高传递的步骤,以及钢柱扭转、错位、垂直度纠正的方法,对其它高层钢结构施工有参考价值。     

GNSS精密单点定位中的实时质量控制

提出了一套适用于GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)的实时质量控制方法,重点研究了钟跳探测与修复、周跳探测与标记、抗差估计方法,并在现有质量控制方法的基础上进行了改进。对比分析了不同质量控制方案对PPP的影响,结果表明,钟跳不利于周跳探测,严重影响非差PPP的精度和效率,必须对其进行探测与修复;联合MW、GF组合可以探测出绝大多数周跳,且较使用单一方法更为准确、可靠;采用改进的抗差估计有效抑制了残余粗差对精密定位的影响,显著提高了PPP的精度和可靠性。     

实时精密单点定位中的数据预处理研究

提出了适用于实时环境的一套数据预处理方案,包括钟跳修复、联合使用Geometry-Free和Melbourne-Wübbena组合进行周跳探测。通过丰富的实验算例,说明了对观测值进行钟跳修复的必要性;证明了联合使用GF与MW组合能够准确有效地探测出实际数据中存在的以及手工模拟加入的周跳。     

System structure and calibration models of intelligent photogrammetron

This paper describes the structure,geometric model and geo-metric calibration of Photogrammetron I-the first type of photogrammetron which is designed to be a coherent stereo photogrammetric system in which two cameras are mounted on a physical base but driven by an intelligent agent architecture.The system calibration is divided into two parts:the in-lab calibration determines the fixed parameters in advance of system operation,and the insitu calibration keeps tracking the free parameters in real-time during the system operation.In a video surveillance set-up, prepared control points are tracked in stereo image sequences,so that the free parameters of the system can be continuously updated through iterative bundle adjustment and kalman filtering.     

System structure and calibration models of intelligent photogrammetron

This paper describes the structure, geometric model and geometric calibration of Photogrammetron I—the first type of photogrammetron which is designed to be a coherent stereo photogrammetric system in which two cameras are mounted on a physical base but driven by an intelligent agent architecture. The system calibration is divided into two parts: the in-lab calibration determines the fixed parameters in advance of system operation, and the in-situ calibration keeps tracking the free parameters in real-time during the system operation. In a video surveillance set-up, prepared control points are tracked in stereo image sequences, so that the free parameters of the system can be continuously updated through iterative bundle adjustment and Kalman filtering.     

固定模糊度的精密单点定位几何定轨方法及结果分析

传统的基于PPP(precise point positioning)模式的定轨方法采用浮点解,导致其定轨精度及可靠性较双差固定解稍差。为了进一步提高PPP模式事后定轨的精度和可靠性,利用2012年1月2～7日全球IGS跟踪站数据计算出当天所有卫星的宽巷和窄巷FCB产品,实现了GRACE卫星固定PPP整数模糊度的精密定轨。并将定轨结果分别与GFZ事后精密轨道、K波段测距结果进行比较,分析其内外符合精度。实验结果表明:与GFZ提供的事后精密轨道相比,GRACE-A卫星单天轨道固定解的精度为R方向2～3cm,T方向大部分优于2cm,N方向优于2cm,较之浮点解的定轨结果3个方向分别改善了约19%、30%、50%;GRACE-B卫星3个方向精度分别为2～3cm、2cm左右、1～2cm,较之浮点解各方向也有同等程度的改善。与K波段测距结果相比,浮点解的KBR残差STD均值为22.6mm,固定解为16.4mm,比浮点解提高了约28%。可见,PPP模糊度固定解明显改善了低轨卫星的定轨精度,能提供更可靠的轨道服务。     

宽巷载波相位模糊度小数偏差时变特性分析

对使用序贯最小二乘估计非差宽巷FCB的方法进行论述,指出其不足在于事先假定了单天内的(接收机端和卫星端)宽巷FCB稳定不变,而对其时变性质缺少讨论与分析。处理了全球350个IGS测站共10d的GPS观测数据,从站星非差FCB、站间单差FCB序列两方面对接收机端宽巷FCB的时变特性进行详细的分析和讨论。数据处理结果表明:①在没有周跳的连续弧段内非差宽巷FCB的历元平滑结果具有较好的稳定性,使用不少于90个历元(45min)的数据即可收敛到0.1周以内保持精度稳定,因此,建议计算非差宽巷FCB的最短弧段不应少于45min;②接收机端宽巷FCB在每一天内随时间变化速率不一样,一天内最大变化量可以达到0.3周,并且接收机重启会使其重新赋值,破坏FCB值的连续性。关于接收机端宽巷FCB时变特性的分析表明文献[4—5]等的序贯最小二乘法所依据的假设前提并不可靠。为获得更高精度的非差卫星宽巷FCB估值,对于接收机重新启动的观测数据,需要新增一个接收机FCB参数;而对于接收机FCB的时变特性,可以在估计时将其作为随机游走过程进行估计。     

Ambiguity resolved precise point positioning with GPS and BeiDou

This paper focuses on the contribution of the global positioning system (GPS) and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) observations to precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR). A GPS + BDS fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation method and a PPP AR model were developed using integrated GPS and BDS observations. For FCB estimation, the GPS + BDS combined PPP float solutions of the globally distributed IGS MGEX were first performed. When integrating GPS observations, the BDS ambiguities can be precisely estimated with less than four tracked BDS satellites. The FCBs of both GPS and BDS satellites can then be estimated from these precise ambiguities. For the GPS + BDS combined AR, one GPS and one BDS IGSO or MEO satellite were first chosen as the reference satellite for GPS and BDS, respectively, to form inner-system single-differenced ambiguities. The single-differenced GPS and BDS ambiguities were then fused by partial ambiguity resolution to increase the possibility of fixing a subset of decorrelated ambiguities with high confidence. To verify the correctness of the FCB estimation and the effectiveness of the GPS + BDS PPP AR, data recorded from about 75 IGS MGEX stations during the period of DOY 123-151 (May 3 to May 31) in 2015 were used for validation. Data were processed with three strategies: BDS-only AR, GPS-only AR and GPS + BDS AR. Numerous experimental results show that the time to first fix (TTFF) is longer than 6 h for the BDS AR in general and that the fixing rate is usually less than 35 % for both static and kinematic PPP. An average TTFF of 21.7 min and 33.6 min together with a fixing rate of 98.6 and 97.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively, can be achieved for GPS-only ambiguity fixing. For the combined GPS + BDS AR, the average TTFF can be shortened to 16.9 min and 24.6 min and the fixing rate can be increased to 99.5 and 99.0 % in static and kinematic PPP, respectively. Results also show that GPS + BDS PPP AR outperforms single-system PPP AR in terms of convergence time and position accuracy.