Intermittent exposure to reduced oxygen levels affects prey size selection and consumption in swimming crab Thalamita danae Stimpson

Portunid crabs Thalamita danae (carapace width: 46–56 mm) were exposed to low oxygen level (4.0 mg O₂ l⁻¹) and hypoxia (1.5 mg O₂ l⁻¹) for 6 h each day with three size classes (large: 15.0–19.9 mm, medium: 10.0–14.9 mm, small: 5.0–9.9 mm) of mussels Brachidontes variabilis offered as food. Consumption rate, prey size preference, and prey handling including breaking time, handling time, eating time and prey value, were studied during the time the crabs were exposed to reduced oxygen levels and results were compared with the crabs maintained at high oxygen level (8.0 mg O₂ l⁻¹) throughout the experiment. Consumption of mussels from all size classes was significantly higher at high oxygen level than at reduced oxygen levels. No mussel size preference was observed for crabs exposed to 4.0 or 8.0 mg O₂ l⁻¹ but those crabs exposed to 1.5 mg O₂ l⁻¹ preferred medium mussels. Both breaking time and handling time increased with mussel size but did not vary with oxygen level. Prey value of each mussel consumed (mg dry wt eaten crab⁻¹ s⁻¹) was calculated by dividing the estimated dry weight of the mussel by the observed handling time. Mean prey value varied significantly with mussel size, with values obtained for large mussels being higher than small mussels at 4.0 and 8.0 mg O₂ l⁻¹; the effect of oxygen level, however, was insignificant. In view of portunid crabs as major predators of mussels, results may help explain dominance of mussels in eutrophic harbours in Hong Kong.     

RELATION BETWEEN WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER EXCHANGE AMOUNT, FEED AND PRAWN DISEASE

ImooUrnONTheedycarsePiddricofprawndiscaseintheprawnculturecoastalarmsofChi-naandsoutheastAsiaresultedinnoproduCtinnoutputfromrnostprawnpondsandheaVyerenoAnclosscyumbull,l994).Upt0now,devemeasimtopreventandtreatthediseasehavenotbopresental,althoughwaterenvironmentdeteriorationisconunn-lyknowntobethekcyfactorcausingthisdhase(Jiang,l994).ThispreliIninrystudyonthereati0nsbetweenprawndiseaseandfactorsthatseriouslyaffodwatetenvirDimtalquality(WaterteInPeratllre,waterexchangeamount,andarnountSa…     

伦敦城 金融资本和贸易中心所在地 西伦敦 英国王宫政府议会驻地 东伦敦 工业区和工人住宅区聚集地——英国首都伦敦 以世界大都市的声誉驰名天下

英国首都伦敦位于英格兰东南部的平原上,跨泰晤士河,距离泰晤士河入海口88公里。 早在3000多年前,伦敦地区就是当时英国人居住的地方。公元前54年,罗马帝国入侵大不列颠岛,公元前43年,这里曾是罗马人的主要兵站并修建了第一座横跨泰晤士河的木桥。当时伦敦被称为“伦底纽姆”。     

并行差异断面顶管施工对地表变形的影响

城市地下空间开发和交通的发展促使大断面顶管技术在城市隧道建设中得到了广泛推广应用,其中并行顶管隧道的功能要求不同,因此其断面形状和尺寸也各有差异。基于城市下穿主干道的双线并行差异大断面顶管隧道工程,建立有限元三维计算模型进行系统分析,同时结合现场顶管项目的实测成果,研究并行顶管差异断面及不同工序情况下地表变形的特性及其影响因素。研究结果表明并行差异断面顶管施工引起的地表变形曲线呈"Ⅴ"形,地表变形曲线的峰值点由大断面矩形顶管轴线逐渐转移至两管中心;小断面矩形顶管轴线左侧的地表沉降值较轴线右侧大;先施工大断面矩形顶管更有利于地表变形的控制;断面尺寸的变化对地表变形的影响幅度为30%,工序差异对地表变形的影响幅度为8%,断面尺寸差异对地表变形的影响比工序差异的影响大。并行差异断面顶管施工对地表变形影响研究可为今后相关并行大断面顶管工程提供理论基础和经验借鉴。      

新疆土屋铜矿床某些成矿地球化学特征探讨

在分析土屋铜矿床I号矿体中部主要围岩和矿(化)体的硅酸盐、稀土元素、微量元素及成矿元素含量的基础上,借助MVSP等专业软件系统统计对比了上述示踪元素在各类围岩和矿(化)体中的分布分配规律.根据矿区的斑岩体与矿(化)体在多种元素组合特征上的相似性判断,二者有物质上的亲缘关系.而成矿元素表现出的某些地球化学行为则说明初步聚集了成矿元素Cu、Au、Ag、Sb、(Mo)的斑岩体,经热液蚀变使其中的成矿物质活化迁移,并富集在有利的构造和岩相部位,在后期复合成因热液所携矿质的多期次叠加下,形成大型斑岩-热液型铜矿床.     

东天山黄山岩体的侵位时代及其地质意义

东天山黄山—镜儿泉地区分布有众多镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,岩体成群成带分布,受区域性韧性剪切带和断裂构造控制.为进一步确定黄山—镜儿泉基性—超基性岩带的侵位时代、成因和大地构造背景,对选自黄山岩体辉长岩相中单颗粒锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究,将其结果[(284.5±2.5)Ma]与黄山岩体和黄山—镜儿泉一带其他基性—超基性岩中已有的定年成果进行了对比,并结合近年来该区研究成果,分析得到黄山辉长岩侵位于晚石炭世—早二叠世,此时正值东天山后碰撞大规模岩浆侵位和成矿时期.黄山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩带形成于后碰撞的伸展构造环境.     

大米草的防除初探

阐述了大米草引种及防治的原因,着重强调其防除办法,并通过实验研究得出大米草除草剂ＢＣ－０８为最成功的药剂,能够在２１ｄ内杀死大米草的地上部分,到６０ｄ内时,大米草的地下部分也全部腐烂。水生动物试验表明大米草除草剂ＢＣ－０８对本实验所用水生动物安全。