渭河谷地地下水位变化与作物需水关系

根据天水农试站１９８３—１９９２年地下水位观测资料，分析得出了当地地下水位的变化规律和地下水对土壤水分变化的影响，并根据当地主要粮食作物的生长特点，对其需水与地下水位变化的关系进行了探讨。     

高层建筑结构的抗震可靠度分析与优化设计

本文根据我们在文献２中给出的等效随机地震静力作用模型，紧密结合规范和利用我们在文献６中提出的结构体系可靠度分析的最弱失效模式法，提出了结构构件和体系“小震不坏”和“大震不倒”及结构体系在设计基准期内的抗震可靠度分析方法；重新校准了结构构件的目标可靠度指标；综合考虑结构造价和损失期望，提出了结构体系抗震目标可靠度的优化决策方法；分别给出了满足构件抗震目标可靠指标与同时满足构件和体系抗震目标可靠指标的     

潮优型河口动力对水深变化的响应机制研究——以葡萄牙Guadiana河口为例*

强人类活动(如航道疏浚)和自然气候变化(如海平面上升)对近岸河口环境不同影响的辨识是目前河口海岸学研究的热点和难点问题。在地形概化和动力简化条件下, 解析模型能够快速辨识强人类活动和自然气候变化对河口环境的影响, 它是探讨河口动力过程对外界干扰的响应机制的重要工具。本文基于前人对葡萄牙Guadiana河口不同分潮之间非线性相互作用的研究, 采用一维水动力解析模型探讨河口不同分潮潮波传播过程对水深变化(模拟航道疏浚和河道淤积过程)的响应机制。研究结果表明: 平均水深$\overline{h}$的变化影响无量纲河口地形参数γ和摩擦参数χ, 进一步影响河口动力参数包括潮波振幅参数ζ、流速振幅参数μ、波速参数λ、潮波振幅增大/衰减率参数δ以及流速与水位之间的相位差?等; 平均水深变化对河口中下游段(x=0~60km)的潮汐动力影响较大, 而对河口上游段(x=60~78km)影响较弱; 主要半日分潮(M₂、S₂、N₂)对水深变化的响应略大于全日分潮(K₁、O₁); 航道疏浚幅度小于2m时, 对河口潮汐动力格局影响不大, 而当疏浚幅度大于2m时, 将对河口潮汐动力格局及水环境(如盐水入侵等)产生较大影响; 河道淤积将导致潮汐动力减弱, 流速振幅、潮波振幅及传播速度减小, 流速和水位之间的相位差也减小。     

A novel type of angle steel buckling‐restrained brace: Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism

A novel type of angle steel buckling‐restrained brace (ABRB) has been developed for easier control on initial geometric imperfection in the core, more design flexibility in the buckling restraining mechanism and easier assembly work. The steel core is composed of four angle steels to form a non‐welded cruciform shape restrained by two external angle steels, which are welded longitudinally to form an external tube. Component test was conducted on seven ABRB specimens under uniaxial quasi‐static cyclic loading. The test results reveal that the consistency between the actual and design behavior of ABRB can be well achieved without the effect of weld in the core. The ABRBs with proper details exhibited stable cyclic behavior and satisfactory cumulative plastic ductility capacity, so that they can serve as effective hysteretic dampers. However, compression–flexure failure at the steel core projection was found to be the primary failure mode for the ABRBs with hinge connections even though the cross‐section of the core projection was reinforced two times that of the yielding segment. The failure mechanism is further discussed by investigating the N_u– M_u correlation curve. It is found that the bending moment response developed in the core projection induced by end rotation was the main cause for such a failure mode, and it is suggested that core projection should be kept within elastic stage under the possible maximum axial load and bending moment response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态海面上方船舶六自由度运动仿真

在Fudide-Krylov假设条件下,依据船舶分离建模理论在固定和运动坐标系中计算海面船只六自由度运动数学模型。主要包括:对风、浪、流的单独建模并进行矢量叠加,并在风浪流联合作用下对船舶六自由度运动构建简化的数学建模,完成实时仿真。基于Simulink和V-Realm Builder虚拟现实技术创建船舶运动模型、海洋表面环境及船只的几何模型,对船舶六自由度运动进行视景仿真,给出了有风无浪、有浪无风和风浪兼有三种情况下船只旋回路径和船舶运动轨迹。在VR视景浏览器中创建动态海面上船舶六自由度运动模型,不仅易于实现且结果逼真。得到的结果为进一步研究动态船只目标声散射特性的精确预报提供基础。     

柴达木盆地干柴沟-咸水泉地区中-深层成岩演化及其对储集体性能的影响

通过剖面观察、岩心描述、分析化验等手段,系统研究了柴达木盆地干柴沟-咸水泉地区中-深层储集体岩石学特征、主要成岩作用类型及特征、储集空间类型及特征、成岩阶段及成岩演化序列,以及成岩作用对储集体性能的影响程度和规律.结果表明:研究区中-深层储集体主要由成分及结构成熟度均为低-中等的各类砂岩和部分泥灰岩组成;以压实作用、胶...     

Mechanism of downcutting erosion of debris flow over a movable bed

The phenomenon of debris flow is intermediate between mass movement and solid transport. Flows can be sudden, severe and destructive. Understanding debris flow erosion processes is the key to providing geomorphic explanations, but progress has been limited because the physical-mechanical properties, movement laws and erosion characteristics are different from those of sediment-laden flow. Using infinite slope theory, this research examines the process and mechanism of downcutting erosion over a moveable bed in a viscous debris flow gully. It focuses specifically on the scour depth and the critical slope for viscous debris flow,and formulas for both calculations are presented.Both scour depth and the critical conditions of downcutting erosion are related to debris flow properties(sand volume concentration and flow depth) and gully properties(longitudinal slope,viscous and internal friction angle of gully materials,and coefficient of kinetic friction). In addition, a series of flume experiments was carried out to characterize the scouring process of debris flows with different properties. The calculated values agreed well with the experimental data. These theoretical formulas are reasonable, and using infinite slope theory to analyze down cutting erosion from viscous debris flow is feasible.     

基于Fractal模型的复电阻率法2.5D有限元数值模拟

复电阻率法在油气资源、矿产勘查中发挥了重要的作用,为了深刻认识复电阻率法异常特征变化规律,本文对复电阻率2.5D正演问题展开研究。首先直接给出复电阻率法2.5D有限元正演所满足的变分问题,并详细地推导相应的刚度矩阵的计算过程。引入Fractal模型作为等效模型研究频谱激电异常特征。对单元内的复电导率及复电位均进行线性插值,而后,采用不完全LU分解的稳定双共轭梯度算法求解有限元线性方程组,获得异常复电位值。设计3个典型的地电模型验证了本文算法的正确性及精确性,并分析了不同装置下,不同频率的2.5D复电阻率异常响应特征。数值模拟结果表明,采用Fractal模型研究激发极化异常特征是可行、有效的;不同装置、不同频率下的复电阻率法异常特征有着显著的差异。     

Robust estimation for correlated observations: two local sensitivity-based downweighting strategies

An iterative robust estimation procedure for correlated observations is proposed, in which the a-prior correlation coefficient matrix is not updated to alleviate the computational burden. Selection of the downweighting strategy plays a key role in the proposed method. Two local sensitivity-based strategies, one is based on the uniformly most powerful test statistics, the other is based on the standardized least squares residuals, are developed and analyzed. Monte Carlo simulations in the GPS network adjustment scenario demonstrate that, the two strategies can provide a certain resistance against the deteriorating effect of outlying observations on the parameter estimates; the former downweighting strategy is superior to the latter one, both in terms of robustness and computational efficiency.     

吉林省参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素

基于吉林省50个气象站1960—2014年逐日最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、风速数据,采用Penman-Monteith算法,计算各站逐日参考作物蒸散量,进而计算各站及全省四季和年平均参考作物蒸散量,利用数理统计方法,结合地理信息系统软件,分析参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及主要气候影响因子。结果表明:近55 a,吉林省年平均参考作物蒸散量为876 mm,年参考作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 01);空间分布差异显著,由东南向西北逐级递增,56%的站点呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 05)。参考作物蒸散量夏季最大、春季次之、冬季最小,且均呈下降趋势,但只有春季的下降趋势显著(p <0. 01);春、夏、秋、冬季与年平均参考作物蒸散量在空间分布上基本一致,但气候倾向率为负值以及通过显著性检验的站点数依次减少。全省四季和年参考作物蒸散量均与降水呈显著负相关,与日照时数、风速、最高气温呈显著正相关;其中年、春、夏、秋季与气温日较差以及春、夏、秋季与平均气温也呈显著正相关;冬季与最低气温、平均气温呈显著正相关;而典型站点参考作物蒸散量各季节影响因素及影响大小略有差异,各气象因子的共同作用导致了参考作物蒸散量的变化。