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31.
Recent high-resolution observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) have reawakened interest in the old and fascinating phenomenon of solar tornado-like prominences. This class of prominences was first introduced by Pettit (Astrophys. J. 76, 9, 1932), who studied them over many years. Observations of tornado prominences similar to the ones seen by SDO had already been documented by Secchi (Le Soleil, 1877). High-resolution and high-cadence multiwavelength data obtained by SDO reveal that the tornado-like appearance of these prominences is mainly an illusion due to projection effects. We discuss two different cases where prominences on the limb might appear to have a tornado-like behavior. One case of apparent vortical motions in prominence spines and barbs arises from the (mostly) 2D counterstreaming plasma motion along the prominence spine and barbs together with oscillations along individual threads. The other case of apparent rotational motion is observed in a prominence cavity and results from the 3D plasma motion along the writhed magnetic fields inside and along the prominence cavity as seen projected on the limb. Thus, the “tornado” impression results either from counterstreaming and oscillations or from the projection on the plane of the sky of plasma motion along magnetic-field lines, rather than from a true vortical motion around an (apparent) vertical or horizontal axis. We discuss the link between tornado-like prominences, filament barbs, and photospheric vortices at their base. 相似文献
32.
Leszek Błaszkiewicz Wojciech Lewandowski Andrzej Krankowski Jarosław Kijak Olga Koralewska Bartosz P. Dąbrowski 《Acta Geophysica》2016,64(1):293-315
LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) is a new generation digitally controlled radio telescope consisting of phased array antenna stations with sensitivity, bandwidth, range of frequency, and digital processing power that makes it an excellent tool for observations of pulsars. This interferometric instrument is able to work in a single-station mode as well as in group-of-selected-stations mode. This article discusses the great opportunity for conducting unique and independent research of pulsar sources with the three LOFAR stations located in Poland and maintained by the POLFAR consortium. 相似文献
33.
Olga V. Sidorova Matthias Saurer Vladimir S. Myglan Anja Eichler Margit Schwikowski Aleksander V. Kirdyanov Marina V. Bryukhanova Oksana V. Gerasimova Ivan A. Kalugin Andrey V. Daryin Rolf T. W. Siegwolf 《Climate Dynamics》2012,38(1-2):175-188
For the first time we present a multi-proxy data set for the Russian Altai, consisting of Siberian larch tree-ring width (TRW), latewood density (MXD), δ13C and δ18O in cellulose chronologies obtained for the period 1779–2007 and cell wall thickness (CWT) for 1900–2008. All of these parameters agree well between each other in the high-frequency variability, while the low-frequency climate information shows systematic differences. The correlation analysis with temperature and precipitation data from the closest weather station and gridded data revealed that annual TRW, MXD, CWT, and δ13C data contain a strong summer temperature signal, while δ18O in cellulose represents a mixed summer and winter temperature and precipitation signal. The temperature and precipitation reconstructions from the Belukha ice core and Teletskoe lake sediments were used to investigate the correspondence of different independent proxies. Low frequency patterns in TRW and δ13C chronologies are consistent with temperature reconstructions from nearby Belukha ice core and Teletskoe lake sediments showing a pronounced warming trend in the last century. Their combination could be used for the regional temperature reconstruction. The long-term δ18O trend agrees with the precipitation reconstruction from the Teletskoe lake sediment indicating more humid conditions during the twentieth century. Therefore, these two proxies could be combined for the precipitation reconstruction. 相似文献
34.
Nino MATESHVILI Giuli MATESHVILI Iuri MATESHVILI Lev GHEONDJIAN Olga AVSAJANISHVILI 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1999,34(6):969-973
Abstract— Photometric observations of the twilight sky were carried out during Leonids 1998. The obtained vertical distributions of aerosol between 20 and 140 km demonstrate the processes of the intrusion of fine meteor dust and its subsequent intra-atmospheric dynamics. The characteristic radii of two fractions of the meteor dust particles were estimated by their sedimentation velocities. They varied within rp = 0.006–0.06 μm and rp = 19–81 μm limits depending on an assumed particle density within ρp = 0.4–4.0 g cm?3. The assumption of ρp = 2.0 g cm?3 gave radii of the two fractions to be 0.01 and 30 μm, respectively. 相似文献
35.
We have investigated the frustule ultrastructure of Baikalian Aulacoseira: A.baicalensis (K.Meyer) Sim. and of thin-wall, spore-producing Aulacoseira which has long been designated as A. islandica (O.Muller) Sim. or A.islandica ssp. helvetica (O.Muller) Sim. (now A.skvortzowii Edlund, Stoermer,Taylor). It was found that the disagreement on the name of spore-forming Aulacoseira is due to the destruction of its vegetative frustules in the process of breaking free of the organic content, while ultrastructure data on A.islandica from different Russia''s regions can reflect signatures of different species.A. baicalensis is characterized by great polymorphism. A. baicalensis starts its development from the initial cell (auxospore). The morphological characteristics of the frustule undergo the drastic changes in the course of the life cycle. It sequentially changes the morphology and structure of its valves. Its cells evolve through several stages of development:from cyclotella-like cells to narrow and short reproducing cells. In the influence zone of the Baikalsky Pulp-and-Paper Plant (BPPP), waste waters, disturbances in the frustule structure both in vegetative and generative cells have been detected. 相似文献
36.
Elena D. Kireeva Olga B. Popovicheva Natalia M. Persiantseva Mikhail A. Timofeyev Natalia K. Shonija 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,64(2-3):129-147
Combustion-derived particles emitted by various transport engines are analyzed with respect to their morphology and composition. Soot particles collected behind an aircraft gas turbine engine combustor, in the diesel engine exhaust pipe, and at the end of ship pipe demonstrate heterogeneous morphological structures and different chemical identities. Individual particle analysis allows the characterization of emitted soot particles into three fractions, namely C-O, C-O-S, and Fe-C-O, with the dominant presence of chain soot agglomerates, irregular internally mixed soot, and particles of distinct morphology, respectively. The influence of oxygen and sulfur concentrations on the ability of soot to uptake water is proposed as a method for categorizing transport engine-generated particles. Categories of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles within non-hygroscopic soots can be defined based on the amount of water uptake relative to several reference laboratory-made soots comparable to transport engine emissions. This method of characterizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic and hygroscopic soots in combustion emissions will help to determine the potential impacts of the combustion emissions on CCN/IN formation in the atmosphere. 相似文献
37.
B. John Makario Londoño A. John Jairo Sanchez E. Luis Eduardo Toro Fernando Gil Cruz Olga Patricia Bohorquez 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(8):556-561
Coda Q–1 was calculated at Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (NRV) before and after two phreatomagmatic eruptions (November 1985, September
1989) and for a period of stability (May 1987) using a functional form for coda derived from a single scattering model (Sato
1977). Substantial changes were found before and after the eruptions. The highest value of Q–1 was found during the November 1985 eruption, an intermediate value for the September 1989 eruption, and the lowest value
for May 1987. It seems that the changes in coda Q–1 at NRV have a still-unknown relationship with the volume or magnitude of the eruption. A relatively strong frequency dependence
was found for all periods. Also Q–1 clearly changed with time, suggesting that the scattering was strong for the eruption of November 1985 and decreased for
the eruption of September 1989, and that the intrinsic absorption probably increased. This suggests the possibility that crystallization
is taking place in the NRV magma. The clear change of coda Q–1 before and after the eruptions at NRV also suggests the possibility that coda Q–1 is a premonitory tool of activity at this volcano.
Received: 25 October 1996 / Accepted: 21 January 1998 相似文献
38.
Anthropogenic subsidence in the Mexicali Valley,Baja California,Mexico, and slip on the Saltillo fault 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Ewa Glowacka Olga Sarychikhina Francisco Suárez F. Alejandro Nava Robert Mellors 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(7):1515-1524
Deep fluid extraction in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) has caused subsidence and induced slip on tectonic faults
in the Mexicali Valley (Baja California, Mexico). The Mexicali Valley is located in the southern part of the Salton Trough,
at the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates. The Valley is characterized by being a zone of continuous tectonic
deformation, geothermal activity, and seismicity. Within the Cerro Prieto pull-apart basin, seismicity is concentrated mainly
in swarms, while strong earthquakes have occurred in the Imperial and Cerro Prieto transform faults, that are the eastern
and western bound of the basin. Since 1973, fluid extraction at the CPGF has influenced deformation in the area, accelerating
the subsidence and causing rupture (frequently as vertical slip or creep) on the surface traces of tectonic faults. Both subsidence
and fault slip are causing damage to infrastructure like roads, railroad tracks, irrigation channels, and agricultural fields.
Currently, accelerated extraction in the eastern part of CPGF has shifted eastwards the area of most pronounced subsidence
rate; this accelerated subsidence can be observed at the Saltillo fault, a southern branch of the Imperial fault in the Mexicali
Valley. Published leveling data, together with field data from geological surveys, geotechnical instruments, and new InSAR
images were used to model the observed deformation in the area in terms of fluid extraction. Since the electricity production
in the CPGF is an indispensable part of Baja California economy, extraction is sure to continue and may probably increase,
so that the problem of damages caused by subsidence will likely increase in the future. 相似文献
39.
Inga Golbeck Xin Li Frank Janssen Thorger Brüning Jacob W. Nielsen Vibeke Huess Johan Söderkvist Bjarne Büchmann Simo-Matti Siiriä Olga Vähä-Piikkiö Bruce Hackett Nils M. Kristensen Harald Engedahl Ed Blockley Alistair Sellar Priidik Lagemaa Jose Ozer Sebastien Legrand Patrik Ljungemyr Lars Axell 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(12):1603-1631
40.