西藏厅宫斑岩铜矿床地质、蚀变及矿化特征研究

本文对西藏厅宫大型铜矿进行了详细研究,矿床详细的地质岩相学-蚀变以及典型剖面填图表明,矿区存在2个岩浆事件高峰,即始新世的钾长花岗岩(~50 Ma)和中新世的斑状二长花岗岩、英云闪长斑岩及闪长玢岩(约13~17 Ma)。野外和室内研究发现,厅宫矿区存在2期重要的矿化事件,即始新世(~50 Ma)铜矿化及中新世(~15Ma)的铜钼矿化。始新世含矿岩体为钾长花岗岩,其最主要的特点是其成矿岩体结构的特殊性,表现在该矿床的成矿岩体没有典型的斑状结构,而是独特的细晶-似伟晶结构,说明含矿岩浆发生过骤冷,可能是流体突然逃逸,矿物结晶的固相点发生漂移所致。同时,该岩体还发育大量显微文象结构、显微晶洞构造等,均说明岩浆曾经富水,并且曾经流体饱和;中新世含矿岩体为具有埃达克岩特征的斑状二长花岗岩,主要以脉状的铜、钼矿化为主。该矿床蚀变分带类似于冈底斯带其他斑岩矿床。时间上,分别为早期的钾硅酸盐化、转换阶段的青磐岩化、随后的绢英岩化及最晚期的泥化蚀变;空间上,以含矿岩体为中心向外依次为钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化,最晚期的泥化呈补丁状或条带状叠加早期各类蚀变。铜矿化主要发生在始新世的黑云母化阶段和中新世的绢英岩化阶段,而钼矿化主要发生在中新世的钾硅酸盐化和绢英岩化的转换阶段。     

冈底斯中段卡热辉长岩锆石U- Pb年代学、地球化学及构造意义

以冈底斯中段曲水县西南方向卡热乡一带出露的辉长岩为研究对象,进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年以及全岩地球化学的系统测定,据此讨论岩石的成因及其构造意义。该辉长岩主要由单斜辉石和斜长石组成,辉长岩具有低硅、贫碱、富铝,中等富集轻稀土,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的地球化学特征,与岛弧和大陆边缘地区产出的高铝玄武岩化学组成十分相似,表明辉长岩原生岩浆为被俯冲改造的岩石圈幔源岩浆,在演化过程中受到了上地壳物质的混染。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为49.01±0.51Ma(MSWD=0.41),指示岩体形成时代为始新世。卡热辉长岩具有显著亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)值均为正值,分布在+10.88～+13.71之间,综合分析表明卡热辉长质侵入体可能为近期遭受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物。结合区域构造演化史认为该岩体在冈底斯南缘的始新世期间存在着强烈的岩浆底侵和壳幔岩浆混合作用。     

湖南新田锶矿泉水文地球化学分带特征分析

以湖南新田县大型富锶矿泉为研究对象,通过采样、水化学组分分析,运用ArcGIS、AquaChem软件揭示富锶地下水水化学组分、水化学类型及水平和垂向分带特征。结果表明:下降泉中锶元素含量具有很好的分带特征,但机井中锶的分带性较差,TDS与锶元素含量变化基本一致。下降泉、机井中离子的变异系数具有较好的一致性,Ca2+、HCO3 - 含量较为稳定,而Sr2+、Mg2+、Na+、SO4 2-、Cl-质量浓度变化较大,下降泉和机井的水动力环境均有较大变化,或含水岩组的差异性较明显。下降泉、机井中主要离子毫克当量数所占百分比排次相同,但其垂向变化范围较大,机井水化学组分受含水岩组和人类活动等因素影响较大,水化学类型也由下降泉单一的HCO3-Ca型水演变为HCO3-Ca型、HCO3-Ca·Mg型、HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca型等复杂水化学类型,表现出垂向上正向的地球化学分带特征。锶元素在垂向上的分带呈现出异常,在50~80 m深度达到最大值。      

华北克拉通奥陶纪岩浆活动——来自河南安阳岭头地区白垩纪闪长岩中继承锆石U- Pb年龄的证据

通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,在太行山南段河南安阳县岭头一带白垩纪闪长质侵入岩中获得一批443.6±6.1 Ma(MSWD=6.3)的年龄数据,相当于晚奥陶世晚期,这是在华北克拉通内部发现的首例反映加里东期岩浆侵入活动的高精度锆石U-Pb定年数据,为揭示华北克拉通早古生代构造岩浆演化提供了依据。结合区域上同期构造岩浆事件的特点,认为443.6±6.1Ma的锆石可能为华北克拉通板内裂解拉张作用的产物,它是奥陶纪晚期(440 Ma前后)古劳亚大陆分裂,华北克拉通漂离加拿大地盾和北美内陆地台,同时形成北太平洋——这一影响全球的构造地质事件在华北克拉通内部的响应。鉴于稳定克拉通地区奥陶纪岩浆侵入活动与金刚石原生矿存在极高的关联度,本次发现也为在鹤壁地区寻找金刚石原生矿提供了重要参考。     

河南嵩山地区的三叠系

嵩山地区的三叠系主要分布在登封县大金店、东金店及芦店等地,为一套紫红—灰绿色内陆河流—湖泊相碎屑岩沉积,总厚度达1203～1640m,其中产丰富的动物和植物化石。该系与下伏二叠系石千峰组呈整合关系,其上部被第三系所不整合覆盖。根据岩性特征、生物组合及区域地层对比,将本区三叠系划分为:下三叠统刘家沟组、和尚沟组,中三叠统二马营组、油房庄组,上三叠统椿树腰组和谭庄组。     

Influence of prey abundance and abiotic factors on the long-term home-range and movement dynamics of spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii in an intermittently open estuary

Long-term home-range and movement dynamics of spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii and the distribution of their dominant prey, the sandprawn Callichirus kraussi, were investigated in the intermittently open East Kleinemonde Estuary, South Africa. In addition, the effects of fish length, diel cycle, season and other abiotic factors on home range and area use were examined. Nine adult spotted grunter (326–489?mm total length) were tagged with acoustic transmitters, and their movements were studied by manual tracking on six consecutive days and nights during each of five tracking sessions from March to November 2004. In addition, movement patterns were recorded by stationary data-logging receivers. Kernel home ranges (95% utilised distribution) varied in size (mean: 76 797?m²?, range: 26 296–165 321?m²), but were all located in the lower one-third of the 3.6 km-long estuary. There was no effect of season, the diel cycle or fish length on the home-range estimates. However, the distribution of prey corresponded with the home-range distribution of tagged fish. Although sandprawn distribution was highly variable within and among transects and depth classes, sandprawns were most abundant in the lower region of the estuary, which corresponded to the home-range distribution of spotted grunter. Spatial distribution of prey appears to be a dominant factor influencing home-range parameters of this species within an intermittently open estuary.     

决策树在遥感影像分类中的应用

在充分了解决策二叉树分类过程的基础上, 以西藏波密地区的TM遥感影像为研究对象, 提取并分析各种典型地物的反射光谱特征, 利用不同地物的光谱差异并结合人工目视判读建立了一组能够精确、快速划分遥感影像的分类规则。用ENVI建立分类决策树对实验区遥感影像进行分类, 并将分类结果和传统的最大似然法相比较。结果表明:决策树分类的总体精度和Kappa分别为97.15%和0.9644, 优于传统的最大似然法, 取得了较为满意的分类结果。     

Trends in 1,4-Dioxane Analyses: Implications for Identification and Characterization of Contaminated Groundwater Sites

1,4-Dioxane is a contaminant of emerging concern, and there is significant uncertainty about how its environmental occurrence in groundwater is being assessed given the various analytical methods available. This study compiled public sampling records from 2000 to 2019 that included >106,000 analyses of 1,4-dioxane from 822 different U.S. sites. The 1,4-dioxane detection frequency in the entire dataset (including all methods) was 45%, and the median detected concentration was 10 μg/L, highlighting the dilute nature of 1,4-dioxane in environmental media and the importance of selecting methods with adequate sensitivity. The annual distribution of samples analyzed by each method type confirmed a shift towards methods designed for semi-volatile compounds (Method 8270 and Method 8270 SIM) that exhibited consistently lower reporting limits (median reporting limit for each year typically ≤1 μg/L). In contrast, the method designed for volatile compounds (Method 8260) exhibited less sensitivity for 1,4-dioxane (median reporting limit per year between 40 and 100 μg/L) and its use declined significantly over time with increasing use of the moderately sensitive Method 8260 SIM in later years. This shift contributed to an increase in the 1,4-dioxane detection frequency over time, with a strong correlation between the annual detection frequency and the median reporting limit. Sites where 1,4-dioxane was analyzed but not detected overwhelmingly used less-sensitive methods that may not have been adequate for the expected concentration levels. Given the sub-μg/L groundwater criteria issued for 1,4-dioxane by some regulatory agencies, more sensitive and accurate methods will be increasingly needed to assess compliance.     

压力及流体对岩石孔隙结构与黏弹性的影响规律研究:理论模型及实验观测

地质成因和构造/热应力导致地壳岩石中的孔隙结构（裂隙和粒间孔）的变化.影响岩石黏弹性的因素包括压力、孔隙度、孔隙中包含的流体和孔隙几何形状等.相对于岩石中的硬孔隙,岩石黏弹性（衰减和频散）受软孔隙（裂隙）的影响更大.本文选取三块白云岩样本,进行了不同围压和流体条件下的超声波实验测量.利用CPEM（Cracks and Pores Effective Medium,裂隙和孔隙有效介质）模型获得了岩石高、低频极限的弹性模量,并通过Zener体（标准线性体）模型将CPEM模型拓展到全频带而得到CPEM-Zener模型,用该模型拟合岩石松弛和非松弛状态下的实验数据,本文得到平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度以及纵波速度和品质因子随频率的变化关系.结果表明,饱水岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度均高于饱油岩石,随着压差（围压和孔隙压力的差值）的增加,饱油岩石中的裂隙首先闭合.并且压差在70 MPa以内时,随着压差增大,岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度在饱水和饱油时的差值增大,此时流体类型对于岩石裂隙的影响越来越显著,此外,对饱水岩石,平均裂隙纵横比随压差增加而增大,这可能是由于岩石中纵横比较小的裂隙会随压差增大而逐渐趋于闭合.在饱水和饱油岩石中,裂隙孔隙度和裂隙密度都随着压差增加而减小.通过对裂隙密度和压差的关系进行指数拟合,本文获得压差趋于0时的裂隙密度,且裂隙密度随孔隙度增大而增大,增大速率随压差增加而降低.针对饱水和饱油的白云岩样本,CPEM-Zener模型预测的纵波频散随压差增大而减小,此变化趋势和实验测得的逆品质因子随压差的变化关系基本一致,由此进一步验证了模型的实用性.本研究对岩石的孔隙结构和黏弹性分析以及声波测井、地震勘探的现场应用有指导意义.     

由ERS-1波形重构确定我国近海平均海平面

近海岸区域平均海面高在大地测量学、物理海洋学以及地球物理学研究中具有非常重要的意义.受各种条件的制约和限制,目前卫星测高技术主要应用于深海区域,在近海区域尤其是海岸线附近区域的应用几乎为空白.本文根据ERS-1测高卫星回波波形特征,采用五参数线性模型,由最小二乘拟合方法,对近海区域尤其是靠近海岸线附近的ERS-1测高波形数据进行波形重构.比较波形重构前、后解算平均海面高,表明波形重构技术不仅明显改善了解算近海海面高的精度,而且增加了近海测高海平面的分辨率,并使卫星测高有效观测延伸至海岸线附近.随后,本文利用波形重构后海面高数据构造了近海多年平均海平面,并对我国近海海平面特征进行了初步分析.