内核超速旋转的存在受到成双的远震的质疑

地球内核相对于地幔差动旋转的第一个证据,来自地核震相差异走时异常30年变化的观测(Song and Richards,1996.地球内核差异旋转的地震学证据。Nature,382:221～224)。成双的远震的对照比较,对于测量这种差异走时以及检验它们的时间变化,提供了一种强有力的手段。与直接测量差异走时的方法不同,这一技术不需要有准确的地震定位。这一方法首先在认为无差异走时的成双的远震的例子中受到检验。这些检验使我们得以指出双远震方法在应用中可能遇到的困难,如极性反转。之后又在法国记录的汤加深震和阿拉斯加科利奇站(COL)记录的南桑德威奇群岛地震应用了这一方法。以上地震使Song和Richards提出了内核旋转的观点。对第一条路径我们没有发现时间的变化,这与以前的研究一致。对于南桑德威奇岛至科利奇的路径,成双的地震分析表明:在这一方法的分辨率内(大约0.05s)不能检测到PKP走时的显著时间变化。Song和Richards观测的残差变化是30年约0.3s,这在很大程度上可能归于震源的定位误差。因此,当前的地震学观测没有检测到内核的差异旋转,这是因为如果有差异,也小于目前地震学的检测能力,即小于0.2°/a。     

A Review of Catalogues of Chinese Earthquakes

In the past decade, the most authoritative catalogues of Chinese earthquakes and the most popular with seismologists in China are the following:(1) Gu Gongxu, 1983, Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes;(2) Min Ziqun, 1988, Concise Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes;(3) Xie Yusuou, 1989, Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M≥ 4.7) from 1900-1980 with Uniform Magnitudes; and(4) Min Ziqun, 1995, Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes. Earthquakes that occurred before 1900 are mainly documented in historical records.Since 1950s, more recent earthquakes were documented in two major compilations of historical records finished in 1956 and 1983-1987. Separately this effort resulted in two chronicles: two volumes for the first one and five volumes for the second one. The magnitudes are converted from the maximum intensity. These magnitudes, by convention, are connected with surface wave magnitudes. However, it is clear that they do not have any strict seismological definition.The period of 1900-1962 documen     

硬戈壁沙漠杂波研究

对新疆库尔勒地区硬戈壁沙漠地杂波进行了研究．得到了Ｃ波段低擦地角（０．１°－７°）下有色杂波值，其值范围为－６０－－２０ｄＢ；并进行了白化处理，得到相应此有色杂波的白色杂波值，其值为一常数－２５ｄＢ，其电压幅度为±０．８Ｖ，不随擦地角变化．     

SILTATION RATE IN A TRENCH DREDGED ON FLOODPLAIN IN ESTUARY

I. INTRODUCTIONA discharge of 100--200 m3 / s is needed to be diverted from a tidal reach and utilized as cooling water for a Droposed power plant in the Yangtze Estuary. The diversionchannel is divided into two parts by a levee along the river bank, an open channel stretchinside the levee is connected with a trench dredged on the floodplain, as shown in Pig. 1.Since the flow and sediment regimes in these two stretches are different, analysis is madeseparately for each of them.11. ESTI…     

金属矿物中分散元素分散情况简介

近几年来由于各工业部门迅速的发展,无线电技术,火箭制造、精密仪器制造、核技术、冶金等,对于具有极高物理性能的稀有和分散元素的需要就日渐增多了.这些元素的应用范围和消费是与年俱增的.为了保证这种需要,就要建立适当的原料基地.近几年来的工作经验证明,很多的分散元素多少与有色和稀有金属矿床的一定的矿物有关,因此就有更集中的研究这些矿床的矿石分布情形的可能性了.为了易于进行发现分散元素的原料资源的工作,兹将各种有益矿物的矿石某些元素的赋存形状和含量     

徑流站工作大綱

索科洛夫斯基和斯品格列尔二氏的“经流站工作大纲”發表于1946年,即战后苏联瓦尔达依水文科学研究实驗站开始大規模重建的第一年。其后,通过徑流实验工作的实践,累積了丰富的經验,苏联国立水文研究所复于1954年制定了“徑流站須知”一書,(周曾盛译,水利出版社出版)作为規范性指導文件?容^起來,“大綱”与“須知”在基本精神上,没有什么不同,但在工作要求上,前者较低,同时也比較灵活一些。例如:“大綱中”將徑流站按工作簡繁分作了兩种类型,并对其中一些较复杂的观测項目(土壤蒸發、入渗等)建议在徑流站开始工作后的第三年才开始進行观测。虽然这些比较灵活的規定,在“須知”中已經不見了,但它对于正在开始進行徑流实验工作的我国的当前情况來說,仍具有一定的指導意义?侍乜赜诖?以供参考。     

On the move: explaining migration patterns in Estonia during the transition period

This paper attempts to explore the migration patterns during the transition period in Estonia. A structuration approach was used to analyze data from the Estonian Statistical Office collected in 1997. Findings show that for migration between urban and rural areas, work-related reasons have been the most important motivating factor in urban growth during the transition period. Also considered are the family and education. In relation to sociodemographic structure of the population, men cite work, while women count family-related reasons, as the main motive for migrating. As to nonregistration, the most significant reason relates to issues of ownership. Because migrants are living in rented housing, it is not possible for them to register even if they desire to do so. Other reasons include "temporary", associated with study and work; "juridical", bureaucratic matters; and "multiple places of residence". This analysis, however, is incomplete because the attitudes and patterns of behavior have only partially or perfunctorily been related to the dramatic changes that have occurred in Estonian society. Proper statistical data are needed to help examine trends at a more disaggregated spatial level.     

Nutrients adsorption from seawater by new porous carrier made from zeolitized fly ash and slag

This study investigated the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate by blast furnace slag (BFS) separately.

In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFS, BFS was treated before its use by acid. The authors aim to develop a new porous carrier to adsorb simultaneously ammonium and phosphate from seawater under eutrophic conditions. The current paper deals with a promising new approach to improve the utilization of some industrial solid wastes such as BFS and zeolite synthesized from fly ash [ZFA(Fe)] by their solidification to cylindrical porous carriers using a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method.

Attempts to produce porous carriers using an arranged HHP method with different porosities (24%, 40% and 52% (v/v)) were carried out. Physical properties of carriers such as porosity, compressive strength and height have been investigated. Laboratory studies showed strong evidence that the porous carrier was very selective towards phosphate and ammonium. The results demonstrated the role of porosity in enhancing phosphate and ammonium adsorption by the increase of the surface area per weight. The estimates of the parameters and the correlation coefficients according to the Freundlich equations revealed that adsorption was related to the porosity of carriers and phosphate and ammonium were adsorbed well on the carriers having large porosity.

The results suggested that developing carrier with high porosity was a promising way to enhance nutrients adsorption.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in sediments from Hong Kong

Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in 14 sediment samples collected from four sites in the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve (within a RAMSAR Site) and from another six sites in Victoria Harbour and along the Hong Kong coastline. Elevated levels of PCDDs, and particularly OCDD, were detectable in all samples collected from the Mai Po Marshes and five of the six sites. In contrast to PCDDs, PCDFs were mainly found in sediment samples collected from industrial areas (Kwun Tong and To Kwa Wan) in Victoria Harbour. PCDD/F levels and congener profiles in the samples from the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve in particular show strong similarities to those reported in studies which have attributed similar elevated PCDD concentrations to nonanthropogenic PCDD sources.