鲍尔曼特—爱德华兹Pb-Zn矿床——密西西比型流体同生沉积

前言纽约西北鲍尔曼特—爱德华兹(Balmat-Edwards)pb-Zn 矿赋存于中元古代格伦维尔系碳酸盐和钙—硅酸盐大理岩中,从1915年此矿发现以来,虽然由于遭受过高级角闪岩变质作用从而导致矿床成因复杂化,但对于它们的形成模式和时代问题已经有了相当的研究。尽管最早的研究者提出过诸如高温岩浆成因和(或)变质成因见解,但现在一般认为矿床的就位是在变质作用之前。这项研究工作包括了福勒(Fowler)矿体矿石和脉石的硫、碳和氧同位素分析,     

大气稳定度和城市热岛对都市——郊区的风速的影响

调查伦敦附近和一些地区逐时风速的作用。在于确定不同季节里每天的大气稳定度的变化,和城市热岛对都市——郊区风速不同的影响。对都市与郊区风速作比较,存在一种“临界”风速,在“临界”风速以下,都市风速很快,在“临界”风速以上,都市风速很低。当局地风速很高时,都市表面的摩擦作用是主要因素,不过,在局部空气流动轻微的情况下,郊区大气很稳定,同时城市热岛也强烈发展,在城市大气很不稳定时,动量的传递可以增大到达地表,这样,在城市内就保持很高的风速。     

RATIONAL BASIS FOR SUSPENDED SEDIMENT MODELING

This paper presents a rational basis to model the transport of suspended sediment. The loose-boundary condition for 3D models and the adjustment coefficients for both the depth-integrated 2D and laterally integrated 1D models are treated comprehensively. A combination of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions is proposed as the loose-boundary condition. The adjustment coefficient for 2D models is obtained on the basis of the proposed boundary condition and analytical solutions developed for some simple cases of non-equilibrium transport of sediment in uniform flows. The adjustment coefficient for 1D models for natural rivers is further obtained from lateral integration. Comparisons with analytical solutions and a considerable amount of laboratory and prototype data show that mathematical models developed along the proposed line of attack would well simulate the transport of suspended sediment in practical problems.     

成都市多目标地球化学调查新增分析元素的特征

从成都平原多目标地球化学调查和深度、粒度试验的新增分析元素的含量特征、地球化学特征、相关关系及不同土壤中的含量,对各元素的地球化学特征进行探讨.C、Se、S、N、Cl 属浅层富集元素, Sc、Tl、Ge、I、Cs、Ta、Hf、稀土元素,特别是重稀土为深层富集元素.     

雷州英峰岭玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶的地球化学和地幔交代作用

雷州半岛英峰岭火山岩中单斜辉石巨晶以低Mg^#值(0．62—0．47)、贫重稀土(HREE)和富Al2O3、TiO2、Na2O和中稀土(MREE)为特征，并具有明显的成分变化。随着Mg^#降低，单斜辉石的Al：O，(11．58～6．97％，)、TiO，(2．28～1．06％)和HREE逐渐降低。这种变化特征不同于世界上大多数辉石巨晶的变化规律。随着演化辉石巨晶的大多数不相容元素，如Nb、Sr、Zr、Hf和LREE—MREE逐渐增加。低的Mg^#值和Ni、Co、Cr含量指示巨晶母岩浆是一种强烈演化的残余岩浆(Mg^#=0．27～0．35)。分离结晶模拟表明本研究最富镁的巨晶(Lz-54)的母岩浆很可能是由拉斑玄武质岩浆经70～80％，以单斜辉石为主的结晶分异后形成。而本研究的其它辉石巨晶是该母岩浆在不同演化阶段(25～80％)分离结晶的产物。分离矿物中除了单斜辉石还包含了大量的石榴子石、斜长石和钛铁矿。温压计算表明英峰岭巨晶是高温岩浆在56～60km深的上地幔的结晶产物(r=1290℃～1130℃，P=1.73～1．83GPa)，这一深度有利于石榴子石结晶。对比不同地区辉石巨晶的成分特征和形成条件，作者指出不同地区单斜辉石巨晶各种元素的不同变化规律主要受母岩浆成分和结晶条件控制。巨晶母岩浆在地幔结晶时对围岩橄榄岩进行了不同程度的交代作用。早期贫流体的岩浆对橄榄岩的交代作用较弱，只有Sr，La等强活动性元素被明显改变；晚期富流体(F，P，H2O)岩浆对橄榄岩的交代作用强烈，大多数元素被明显改变。因此，可以推断交代熔体中流体的含量是影响地幔橄榄岩交代作用的关键。     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND STREAM POWER

1 INTRODUCTION There are three basic energy dissipation rate approaches used for the derivation of sediment transport functions. They are the gravitational power theory by Velikanov (1954), the stream power theory by Bagnold (1966), and the unit stream power theory by Yang (1973, 1979, 1984, and 1986). The theoretical basis of these approaches has been summarized by Yang (1996) in his book, Sediment Transport Theory and Practice. Yang also made comparisons of the three basic approa…     

The paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata (Lucas, 1846): first record from the Atlantic coast of Morocco

The littoral paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata (Lucas, 1846) is recorded for the first time from the littoral of El Jadida located on the Atlantic northwest coast of Morocco. Specimens were obtained from the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and the natives Bifurcaria bifurcata and Cystoseira tamariscifolia in January 2015. This new record further confirms a significant southward distribution of P. nigropunctata and contributes to the knowledge of the biogeography of this isopod. Heretofore, the species was only known from the western and eastern Mediterranean and some Atlantic coasts. The present finding is the first of the species from Moroccan Atlantic shores, and suggests that the species may also be present in other coastal localities from Morocco and Africa. Some data on morphology, ecology and spatial distribution of the species are provided.     

石油烃降解菌-盐生植物联合修复石油污染盐碱土壤研究

通过在天津油田区进行的生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的现场实验,研究了添加肥料和接种菌剂,添加缓释肥料和种植碱蓬,及同时添加肥料、接种菌剂和种植碱蓬对石油烃的强化降解的影响。结果表明,2个月的生物修复期内,同时添加菌剂、肥料并种植碱蓬的体系中石油烃的降解率最高,达到47.3%,为油对照体系的3.1倍,该体系中土壤养分和石油烃降解菌总数的平均值也是最高的,表明植物-微生物共生体系能够利用混合肥料释放出来的营养元素而快速生长,加快石油烃的降解;其次为添加菌剂和肥料的体系,石油烃的降解率为38.6%,为油对照体系的2.6倍;然后为种植碱蓬并添加肥料的体系,石油烃的降解率为36.1%,是油对照体系的2.4倍。上述结果表明,所接种石油烃降解菌和碱蓬与所添加的肥料可协同提高盐碱土壤中的石油污染的生物降解。     

DIVERTING SEAWATER TO SCOUR THE ESTUARY-A QUEST FOR NEW APPROACH TO REGULATETHE LOWER YELLOW RIVER-

1GENERALTraditionally,theLowerYellowRiverstartsatHuayuankouandrunsonaplainforabout800km,beforeemptyingintotheBohaiSea.Theriverisfedwithextremelyheavysedimentload(1.6billiontonsannuallyuptotheeighties)andrelativelysmallrunoff(46billionm3uptotheeighties)fromitsdrainagebasinupstream.Thisloadofsedimentispartlydepositedinthechannelresultinginaggradationorincreaseinthebedslope.TheremainderisdischargedtotheBobalSea.AsthetidesoftheBohaiSeaareweak,thedepositionintheareaaroundtherivermouthisusual…     

FIELD INVESTIGATION INTO DEBRIS FLOW MECHANISM

1.INTRODUCTIONDebrisflowisadistincttypeofmassmovementcommonlytriggeredbyintenserainfallandmeltingsnowonsteephillslopes.Althoughgreateffortshavebeenmadeinthestudyofthemechanismofthemotion,considerableambiguitypersistsconcerningtheinitiationandmotionofdebrisflow.Debrisflowcanbeinitiatedinsteepslopebecauseofthehighgravitationalforceandcanalsobetriggeredbyheavyrainstormongentleslopebyhighscouringcapacityofthetorrentialflood.Debrisflowisturbulentbecauseofitshighflowvelocityinsomecircumstancesa…