芦山MS7.0地震前远、 近场形变 时空演化特征研究

应用芦山M_S7.0地震震中附近跨断层及连续形变观测资料, 分析了芦山地震前不同阶段地形变变化的特点, 讨论了震中附近区域异常时空演化过程. 结果表明: ① 自2013年1月起, 沿鲜水河断裂带一些跨断层基线观测到显著的加速转折变化, 沿安宁河、 则木河断裂带个别场地的跨断层水准基线, 2010年以来出现的巨幅异常等是突出的场兆变化; 沿龙门山断裂带一些水准观测在汶川M_S8.0地震后持续的调整变化具有近震源区变形特征. ② 鲜水河、 龙门山和安宁河3条主要断裂围成的三叉口地区, 地倾斜、 应变、 重力及断层水准和蠕变观测临震前均未有显著的异常变化, GPS水平、 垂直位移年速率最小, 该地区是形变变化或形变异常分布的“空区”. ③ 在对近场与远场多种连续形变数据通过傅里叶变换提取年周期成分后发现, 临震前2—3年近震源区域的地倾斜、 重力年变化幅度不是增大, 而是减小. 芦山M_S7.0地震前观测到的形变前兆现象特征与汶川M_S8.0地震等震前的前兆现象较为接近. 因此, 芦山地震前近震源区及外围形变异常分布特征不是个别的现象.      

自行走隧道掘进机行进对地表沉降的理论分析

通过对自行走式隧道掘进机在地下爬坡过程中引起的地表变形进行了研究,结果表明：掘进机行进轨迹的纵向沉降曲线与随机介质理论预计的沉降曲线接近;在自行走掘进机埋深较浅时,横断面沉降曲线与Peck理论正态分布曲线误差较大,周向增阻结构嵌入土体能够造成地表土体的隆起。     

新近系松散-半胶结砂砾石含水层的注浆改造试验及效果

矿井斜井开拓安全通过新近系砂砾石含水层是一个普遍的难题,为给斜井地面预注浆或帷幕注浆法过砾石层提供依据,新矿集团在内蒙古自治区上海庙西矿区黑梁煤矿主副斜井附近对总厚20—30m的新近系砾石层（夹砂质粘土层）进行了专门注浆试验及抽水、取心等对比验证工作。结果表明。松散一半胶结砾石层虽然在超过1MPa的注浆压力“阀值”后具有一定的可注性,但浆液扩散范围小于2-3m,而且扩散方式不规则、不可控、形不成可靠的浆液扩散加固圈,对砾石层的含、导水性未发现有改善效果。通过本次试验,较好地掌握了松散一半胶结砾石层注浆性能,获得了有关注浆参数和经验,对类似地层的注浆改造和井巷工程的安全施工具有指导意义。     

大连地区场地土动力学参数初步研究

通过收集近年来大连地区地震安全性评价报告中土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析粉质粘土、淤泥质粉质粘土、粘土、中砂、碎石、回填土和全风化板岩等7类土的实测动力学参数,给出了它们的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值.然后,选取典型钻孔并建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文统计值、94规范值(即原大连地震小区划的土动力学参数值)和袁晓铭等(2000)的推荐值进行土层地震反应计算,并将计算结果中的地表峰值加速度和反应谱形状进行了比较.结果表明,本文的统计值与袁晓铭等( 2000)的推荐值非常接近,而与94规范值有很大的差别.     

Receiver function study of the crustal structure of Northeast China:Seismic evidence for a mantle upwelling beneath the eastern flank of the Songliao Basin and the Changbaishan region

Northeast China is a unique place to study intra-plate volcanism.We analyzed P-wave receiver function data recorded by 111 permanent broadband seismic stations in Northeast China.The results show that the crustal thickness varies from 27.9 km beneath the eastern flank of the Songliao Basin to 40.7 km beneath the Great Xing'an Range region.The large depth variations of the Moho can be largely but not completely explained by surface topography.The residual Moho depth calculated based on the Airy's isostasy mo...     

Imaging the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China with CEArray receiver functions

We analyzed a total of 37 427 receiver-function data recorded by national and regional broadband seismic networks of the China Earthquake Administration to study the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China.Significant topography on both the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities was clearly imaged in the 3D volume of CCP (common-conversion-point) stacked images that cover an area of 102.5 E-122.5 E and 22.0 N-42.0 N.3D crustal and mantle velocity models were used in computing the Ps time moveout...     

周期气压波对地壳应变场观测影响的若干因素分析

地壳应变场常用钻孔体应变仪进行测量,而周期为几分钟到几小时的短周期气压波是影响体应变仪工作的一种长期因素.本文以Evertson等人推导的体应变短周期气压干扰模型为基础,从理论上进一步探讨了体应变气压影响系数与气压周期、岩石弹性参数和井孔深度的关系及变化规律.由于体应变观测井孔存在耦合效应,又建立了大气压垂直载荷作用下观测井孔耦合系数计算方程,比较了在多重因素作用下体应变气压影响系数理论观测值与无孔岩石真实值之间的差异,并与涞水、顺义、东三旗和昌平台的Sacks体应变实际观测资料进行了比对分析.这对地震前兆微动态信息背景场的探索具有实际意义.      

Regional climate change and local urbanization effects on weather variables in Southeast China

This paper presents the analyses of regional climate change features and the local urbanization effects on different weather variables over Southeast China. The weather variables considered are: daily mean (T_m), minimum (T_min), and maximum (T_max) near surface air temperature, diurnal temperature range (DTR), relative humidity (RH), and precipitation (P). With analysis of two datasets (a station dataset for the period from 1960 to 2005 that is mainly used and a grid dataset for the period 1960–2000), this study reveals that the trends in the variations of these weather variables can be separated into two periods, before and after 1984. Before 1984, there were no significant urbanization effects, and T_min, RH, and P steadily increased but T_max decreased, resulting in a considerable decrease in DTR and a slight decrease in T_m. After 1984, T_min and T_max increased considerably, and the urbanization influence on T_min, but not T_max, is observable. The urbanization effect causes an extra increasing trend in T_min with a rate of about 0.6°C/decade and, accordingly, extra decreasing trends in DTR and RH. The analysis of the seasonal trends reveals that the urbanization influence results in a near-uniform increase of T_min for all four seasons and a strong decrease of RH in summer and autumn. Moreover, there is no significant change in P at the annual scale and an increasing rate of 11.8%/decade in summer. With the urbanization influence, a considerable increase in P is noticeable at the annual scale; specifically, the increasing rates of 18.6%/decade in summer and 13.5%/decade in autumn are observed.     

Age of the MGS5 segment of the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section and evolution of the desert environment on a kiloyear scale during the Last Interglacial in China's Salawusu River Valley: Evidence from Rb and Sr contents and ratios

The MGS5 segment of the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in China's Salawusu River Valley records 8.5 sedimentary cycles consisting of dune sands alternating with fluviolacustrine facies or/and paleosols. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of Rb and Sr within the segment and paleoecological evidence (fossils), it appears that the observed sedimentation cycles mainly resulted from fluctuations between dry-cold and warm-humid climates, which indicates that the MGS5 segment experienced at least eight cold-dry and nine warm-humid climatic fluctuations. Of these, 12 cold–warm climate fluctuations correspond to DO20–DO25 and stadia 21–26 recorded by the NGRIP ice cores. Another five cold–warm climatic fluctuations that occurred during MGS5e correspond to five substages (5e1–5e5) recorded by the GRIP ice cores from Greenland. This kind of high-frequency climatic fluctuation on a kiloyear scale was mainly subject to variations in the strength of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons.     

地幔热柱多级演化及其成矿控矿研究:以张-宣幔枝构造研究为例

张-宣地区是河北省金银多金属矿床集中区,可划分出以宣化-崇礼-赤城-带岩浆-变质杂岩区为中心的金矿集中区和外围盖层区的银多金属矿分布区.近年研究表明,金银多金属成矿物质主要来自地球深部,通过地幔热柱多级演化向上迁移,并在幔枝构造的有利构造扩容带中集聚成矿.分别以幔枝构造核部的东坪金矿、拆离带的黄土梁金矿和外围断陷盆地中...