MAPSTORE与ARC／INFO数据转换的方法研究

GIS空间数据具有多源性的特征，为数据综合利用和数据共享带来不便，解决多格式数据源集成一直是近年来GIS应用系统开发中需要解决的重要问题。ARC／INFO软件是当前众多地理信息系统软件中功能最强、市场占有率最高的软件。E00格式作为一种空间数据转换的事实上的标准，对于自主版权的GIS软件MapStore来说，实现两者的数据转换具有重要意义。本文分析了MapStore与ARC／INFO空间数据模型的组织特征，在比较分析的基础上设计了转换方案，并就实现过程中的关键技术进行了论述。     

South-to-north pyroxenite–peridotite source variation correlated with an OIB-type to arc-type enrichment of magmas from the Payenia backarc of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ)

New high-precision minor element analysis of the most magnesian olivine cores (Fo_85–88) in fifteen high-MgO (Mg#_66–74) alkali basalts or trachybasalts from the Quaternary backarc volcanic province, Payenia, of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone in Argentina displays a clear north-to-south decrease in Mn/Fe_ol. This is interpreted as the transition from mainly peridotite-derived melts in the north to mainly pyroxenite-derived melts in the south. The peridotite–pyroxenite source variation correlates with a transition of rock compositions from arc-type to OIB-type trace element signatures, where samples from the central part of the province are intermediate. The southernmost rocks have, e.g., relatively low La/Nb, Th/Nb and Th/La ratios as well as high Nb/U, Ce/Pb, Ba/Th and Eu/Eu* = 1.08. The northern samples are characterized by the opposite and have Eu/Eu* down to 0.86. Several incompatible trace element ratios in the rocks correlate with Mn/Fe_ol and also reflect mixing of two geochemically distinct mantle sources. The peridotite melt end-member carries an arc signature that cannot solely be explained by fluid enrichment since these melts have relatively low Eu/Eu*, Ba/Th and high Th/La ratios, which suggest a component of upper continental crust (UCC) in the metasomatizing agent of the northern mantle. However, the addition to the mantle source of crustal materials or varying oxidation state cannot explain the variation in Mn and Mn/Fe of the melts and olivines along Payenia. Instead, the correlation between Mn/Fe_ol and whole-rock (wr) trace element compositions is evidence of two-component mixing of melts derived from peridotite mantle source enriched by slab fluids and UCC melts and a pyroxenite mantle source with an EM1-type trace element signature. Very low Ca/Fe ratios (~1.1) in the olivines of the peridotite melt component and lower calculated partition coefficients for Ca in olivine for these samples are suggested to be caused by higher H₂O contents in the magmas derived from subduction zone enriched mantle. Well-correlated Mn/Fe ratios in the wr and primitive olivines demonstrate that the Mn/Fe_wr of these basalts that only fractionated olivine and chromite reflects the Mn/Fe of the primitive melts and can be used as a proxy for the amount of pyroxenite melt in the magmas. Using Mn/Fe_wr for a large dataset of primitive Payenia rocks, we show that decreasing Mn/Fe_wr is correlated with decreasing Mn and increasing Zn/Mn as expected for pyroxenite melts.     

Improved petrographic-coded model and its evaluation to determine a thermal conductivity log

Thermal conductivity is one of the crucial properties for thermal modelling as well as tunnelling or geological modelling. Available data are mainly from laboratory measurements. Therefore, additional ways, such as correlations with other properties to derive the petrophysical parameter, will be an advantage. The research presented here continues and improves the petrographic-coded model concept with an increased set of data, including a variety of lithologies, and, furthermore, the correlations, including the electrical resistivity. Input parameters are no longer taken from the literature, but are derived directly from measurements. In addition, the results are compared with other published approaches. Results show good correlations with measured data. The comparison with the multi-linear regression method shows acceptable outcome, in contrast to a geometric-mean method, where data scatter. In summary, it can be said that the improved model delivers for both correlation (compressional wave velocity and electrical resistivity with thermal conductivity) positive results.     

Glacier mass balance simulation using SWAT distributed snow algorithm

Application of a temperature-index melt model incorporated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is presented to simulate mass balance (MB) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of three glaciers. The snow accumulation/melt parameters were adjusted to glacierized and free glacier areas, respectively. The SWAT snow algorithm enabled us to consider spatial variation of snow parameters by elevation bands across the sub-basins, while in the previous studies using SWAT, the related parameters were constant for an entire basin. The results show slight improvement in runoff simulation and significant improvement in simulated MB when considering ELA in model calibration. The results showed that SWAT can be applied to simulate MB, vertical MB distribution and annual ELA, with light calibration efforts for data-scarce catchments. The accuracy of the results depends on the modelled area of ablation zone from which most of the meltwater is released.     

Towards a more sustainable process industry: A single case study of restructuring within the Eyde process industry cluster

ABSTRACT

Due to increased attention on environmental issues, industrial sustainable restructuring is high on the research agenda. The article adds to the literature through an analysis of a restructuring process within a Norwegian process industry cluster. By introducing an analytical framework combining the concepts of entrepreneurial discovery process and path dependency theory, the article offers a deeper understanding of the role of various types of actors in processes of restructuring. The authors categorise the actors as either firm-level entrepreneurs or system-level entrepreneurs on the basis of their motivation. While the former are motivated mainly by firm success, the latter find their motivation mainly in developing systemic factors. The analytical framework suggests a stepwise analysis of the restructuring, and in each step, the significance and interplay between the two types of entrepreneurs are discussed. Finally, the authors discuss the potential for new path development following from this process. The case study illustrates the important role of system-level entrepreneurs as facilitators and of firm-level entrepreneurs as utilisers of opportunities. The empirical case demonstrates that the two types of entrepreneurs are highly interactive throughout the restructuring process. The article contributes to existing literature by advancing the actor perspective in new path development.     

Innovation networks and green restructuring: Which path development can EU Framework Programmes stimulate in Norway?

ABSTRACT

With combined insights from evolutionary economic geography and transition studies, the article examines the engagement of different regions in Norway in the innovation networks created within the European Union’s environmental programmes. The aim is to explore the programmes’ potential for supporting green economy and economic restructuring through branching and new path creation. The authors assess which regions participate in the programmes, which international networks they build, and which organisations participate in different regions. They compare three regions with different restructuring needs and research capacity – the counties of Rogaland, Hordaland, and Sør-Trøndelag (now part of the county of Trøndelag). They find that overall, Norwegian organisations participate relatively frequently in the programmes, but private firms play a marginal role. Their partners are mainly in core EU regions. Regional participation in the programmes is a function of research capacity as well as oil dependence. The authors conclude that in research-oriented regions, research establishments tend to dominate participation, creating potential for restructuring mainly through path creation. In oil-dependent regions, private firms account for a higher share of participants, enhancing the potential for branching. As the former regions participate more, the programme can mainly stimulate path creation.     

The Inhibitory Effects of PSS-Loaded Nanoparticles on the Dysfunction of Cardiac Microvascular Endothelia in Rats with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate-loaded nanoparticles(PSS-NP) has been shown potential to prevent the microvascular endothelial injuries caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PSS-NP on the dysfunction of cardiac microvascular endothelia in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DCM rat model. Echocardiographic measurements showed a significant improvement of cardiac function in the PSS-NP-treated group. Our results revealed that the abnormalities of cardiac systolic and diastolic functions were suppressed by the treatments of prostaglandin E1(PGE1), low molecular weight heparin(LMWH), PSS and PSS-NP. Our comparison analysis indicated that PSS-NP showed the strongest inhibitory effects on microvascular endothelial injuries. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that PSS-NP protected the cardiac microvascular endothelium and further improved endothelium dysfunction in DCM rats. ELISA and Western blot assays further showed a high efficiency of improving cardiac microvascular endothelial dysfunction with PSS-NP. Our results demonstrated that PSS-NP increased the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-p85 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-A, and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B(Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), which were involved in the amelioration of cardiac microvascular endothelial dysfunction. These data suggest that PSS-NP may be a novel approach to the treatment the coronary microcirculation disorder diseases such as DCM.     

汶川地震钢筋混凝土柱单层工业厂房震害及分析

对汶川地震重灾区钢筋混凝土柱单层工业厂房震害进行了调查和总结,并通过有限元模拟等手段分析了震害原因,提出了相应的设计建议。研究表明,汶川地震中钢筋混凝土柱单层工业厂房多数达到了规范预期的设防目标;屋盖体系、围护结构、屋架与柱顶连接节点、排架柱变阶部位等是此类厂房抗震设防的薄弱环节,抗震设计时上述部位应采取更为可靠的措施。     

The relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and drought indices in the South Central United States

Natural Hazards - Drought indices are useful for quantifying drought severity and have shown mixed success as an indicator of drought damage and biophysical dryness. While spatial downscaling of...     

Population vulnerability to tsunami hazards informed by previous and projected disasters: a case study of American Samoa

Natural Hazards - Population vulnerability from tsunamis is a function of the number and location of individuals in hazard zones and their ability to reach safety before wave arrival. Previous...