不纯碳酸盐U-Th等时线定年及同位素分馏对年龄的影响

应用U-系L/R等时线模式测定了用天然碎屑沉积物与已知年龄的纯CaCO3按不同比例混合而成的不纯碳酸盐样品的年龄。实验分两个序列进行:其一研究碎屑沉积物化学前处理过程中U、Th同位素的萃取行为及其分馏效应。另一序列用不同浓度的溶剂对均匀混合的不纯碳酸盐样品进行溶解,确定稀酸淋滤碳酸盐的效率。各组分的238U、234U、230Th和232Th含量分析数据表明,稀酸溶解碎屑沉积物样品将U和Th同位素等比例的提取出来,不会发生U和Th同位素分馏现象。对于不纯碳酸盐样品,所有数据点落在一条直线上,良好的线性关系反映真实年龄含意。3个不纯碳酸盐样品的等时线年龄与纯碳酸盐年龄一致表明实验技术是可信的。同时,也证明对于碎屑含量较高的不纯碳酸盐U-Th定年,L/R等时线技术是适应的。     

柴达木盆地大浪滩梁ZK05钻孔的磁性地层研究

本文展示了柴达木盆地西北地区大浪滩盆地梁ZK05钻孔上部330m岩芯的最新磁性地层结果。梁ZK05钻孔的磁极性序列记录了4个正极性亚时,分别对应于布容期、Jaramillo、Cobb Mountain和Olduvai。磁极性序列底部未出现Reunion亚时,其年代应小于2128ka,B/M界限深度位于94m。根据钻孔的平均沉积速率,我们推算出钻孔最顶部的年代为111ka,钻孔在330m深度的年代为2046ka。由此可知,钻孔330m以下的卵砾石层沉积的结束年代为2Ma,代表阿尔金山的这次强烈隆升应早于2Ma,与青藏运动B幕相当,其启始时间为2.6Ma,结束时间大致为2Ma。另外,梁ZK05钻孔记录了3次极性漂移事件,位于51~58m、207.5~212m和249~252m,分别对应于Calabrian Ridge2(515~525ka)、Gardar(1465~1485ka)和Gilsa(1567~1575ka)。我们在沈振枢等人(1993)的8个钻孔磁性柱基础上,加上梁ZK05钻孔和ZK02钻孔的磁极性序列,辅以最新的国际标准磁极性年表,建立了柴达木盆地最新的磁性地层年代框架。     

建筑群邻近关系相似性计算

以建筑群的邻近关系为研究对象,在相似性理论的基础上,利用Delaunay三角网和Voronoi图,建立了基于相同特征量的邻近关系相似性模型和基于等距离关系曲线的邻近关系相似性模型,用于邻近关系相似性的定量化计算和判断。     

Anthropogenic pollution stimulates oxidative stress in soft tissues of mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crenomytilus grayanus</Emphasis> (Dunker1853)

The digestive gland and gills of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus extracted from three locations — (i) sampled from a clean and (ii) polluted site and (iii) transplanted from the nonpolluted to polluted site - were analysed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase), total oxyradical scavenging capacity and levels of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and lipofuscin). Perturbation of redox status was found in both digestive gland and gill tissues of mussels living in the polluted area. As the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were 1.2–3 times higher, the total oxyradical scavenging capacity was lower by 20–35% and the levels of lipid peroxidation products were 2–7 times higher compared to mussels from the reference site. In transplanted mussels, the lipid peroxidation process in both tissues was significantly stimulated (the level of conjugated dienes was increased 1.7–2.5-fold; malondialdehyde and lipofuscin contents were increased 3.5–5-fold) and the total oxyradical scavenging capacity fell by 50–70%. In addition, the transplantation generally resulted in transient and variable responses of antioxidant enzymes for both tissues. Complex response-behaviour of the antioxidant enzymes strongly points to the necessity of employing a combined approach that takes into account activities of antioxidant enzymes and the total oxyradical scavenging capacity, as well as measurement of oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation) to evaluate the physiological health of molluscs.     

New paleomagnetic data from Late Neoproterozoic sedimentary successions in Southern Urals,Russia: implications for the Late Neoproterozoic paleogeography of the Iapetan realm

We present the results of paleomagnetic study of Ediacaran sedimentary successions from the Southern Urals. The analysis of the sedimentary rocks of the Krivaya Luka, Kurgashlya and Bakeevo Formations reveal stable mid-temperature and high-temperature remanence components. Mid-temperature components were acquired during Devonian (Bakeevo Formation) and Late Carboniferous–Early Permian remagnetization events. The high-temperature components in Kurgashlya and Bakeevo Formations are interpreted to be primary, because they are supported by a positive conglomerate test (Bakeevo Formation) and magnetostratigraphic pattern (Kurgashlya Formation). The high-temperature component in the Krivaya Luka Formation is interpreted to be a Late Ediacaran overprint. Our new paleomagnetic poles together with some previously published Ediacaran poles from Baltica and Laurentia are used herein to produce a series of paleogeographic reconstructions of the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.     

Late Mesozoic rifting and its deep dynamic mechanisms in the central Sulu orogenic belt: Records from Lingshan Island

Science China Earth Sciences - The Lingshan Island scientific drill confirms that two episodes (Laiyang period and Qingshan period) of rifting developed in the central Sulu orogenic belt (SOB) in...     

Capabilities and limitations of numerical ice sheet models: a discussion for Earth-scientists and modelers

The simulation of dynamically coupled ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf-systems poses a challenge to most numerical ice sheet models. Here we review present ice sheet model limitations targeting a broader audience within Earth Sciences, also those with no specific background in numerical modeling, in order to facilitate cross-disciplinary communication between especially paleoglaciologists, marine and terrestrial geologists, and numerical modelers. The ‘zero order’ (Shallow Ice Approximation, SIA)-, ‘higher order’-, and ‘full Stokes’ ice sheet models are described conceptually and complemented by an outline of their derivations. We demonstrate that higher order models are required to simulate coupled ice sheet-ice shelf and ice sheet-ice stream systems, in particular if the results are aimed to complement spatial ice flow reconstructions based on higher resolution geological and geophysical data. The zero order SIA model limitations in capturing ice stream behavior are here illustrated by conceptual simulations of a glaciation on Svalbard. The limitations are obvious from the equations comprising a zero order model. However, under certain circumstances, simulation results may falsely give the impression that ice streams indeed are simulated with a zero order SIA model.