Morphological Change in the Northern Red River Delta,Vietnam

Coastal erosion has become a worldwide concern, typically in the densely populated Asian mega-river deltas. Severe coastal erosion in the southern Red River Delta(RRD) has been intensively studied. Coastal morphological change in the northern RRD was examined in detail through DEM(Digital Elevation Model) analysis based on time series of bathymetrical maps(1965–2004) and Landsat images(1975–2015) in this study. The results show that the northern RRD is featured by rapid coastal accretion in the past few decades, although suspended sediment flux has dropped by roughly 60% after the completeness of Hoa Binh Dam(HBD) in 1988 and relative sea level rose at 1.9 mm yr~(-1). However, accretion at the outer part of subtidal shoals and platforms was observed to slow down quickly or even turned into erosion in the last two decades. The resuspended sediments from the erosion zone can be transported landward to replenish the inner coastal zone, keeping the latter accretion in the near future to compensate for the sediment discharge decrease from the river. However, this lag effect should be terminated soon if other adverse effects go worse, e.g., damming rivers, sea-level rising, strengthening storms, land reclamation and other poor-designed coastal engineering. Coastal planners and managers should pay full attention to these changes.     

Establishing an early warning system for flash floods in Hoang Su Phi District,Ha Giang Province,Vietnam

Hoang Su Phi is a mountainous district in Ha Giang province, Vietnam. When the rainy season arrives in these parts, flash floods (besides landslides), frequently occur in many areas, seriously affecting the socio‐economic condition of the district. Therefore, in this paper, we have developed an early warning system for flash floods, established based on a geomorphological and hydrological approach. The basic principle underlying this system is the fact that flash floods will often occur where there is high potential risk with sufficient rainfall. In the model, eight parameters of the basin were used to build a potential flash flood map. Using the spatial processing module in an open source software, early predictions from automatic weather stations were interpolated and processed online to produce a potential risk map. Depending on the threshold of precipitation values, the results determined locations where flash flood may occur at various flash flood risk indices (FFRI). The system may be applied to support provision of early flash flood warning up to 1?6 days in advance in the district, allowing the local government ample time to make appropriate decisions on the prevention and/or mitigation of damages caused by flash flood hazards.     

Prediction of Blast-Induced Ground Vibration Intensity in Open-Pit Mines Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and a Novel Intelligence System

Natural Resources Research - Predicting and reducing blast-induced ground vibrations is a common concern among engineers and mining enterprises. Dealing with these vibrations is a challenging issue...     

A Novel Artificial Intelligence Approach to Predict Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Open-Pit Mines Based on the Firefly Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network

Natural Resources Research - The primary purpose of this study was to develop a novel hybrid artificial intelligence model, with a robust performance, to predict ground vibration induced by bench...     

中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊贸易投资便利化水平研究

立足“一带一路”倡议总体规划和最终目标,运用主成分分析法,对中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊国家的贸易投资便利化水平进行测度,并依据其贸易投资便利化得分,将沿廊17国划分为风险区、谨慎区、便利区、畅通区四个等级。在此基础上,将中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊划分为三大廊段,并对其贸易投资相关的条件进行详细分析,为出境企业和机构更好地了解沿廊国家贸易投资便利化、参与沿廊经济建设、防范经贸合作风险,推进“一带一路”建设提供参考依据。     

Hyperstatic reaction method for calculations of tunnels with horseshoe-shaped cross-section under the impact of earthquakes

Tunnels are now an integral part of the infrastructure in major cities around the world. For many reasons, these tunnels have horseshoe-shaped cross-sections with round top and flat bottom. This paper presents some improvements to the use of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method-HRM for analysing tunnels with horseshoe-shaped cross-sections when these tunnels operate under the influence of earthquakes, particularly in cases when the tunnel lining is a continuous lining. The analysis used parameters of a tunnel from the Hanoi metro system, as well as parameters of the strongest earthquake that may occur in the central Hanoi area in the improved HRM and 2 D numerical methods using the ABAQUS software. On the basis of the results obtained, the paper gives conclusions about the HRM methodology when it is used to calculate tunnels that have horseshoe cross-sections operating under the influence of earthquakes.     

Study the elastic properties and the anisotropy of rocks using different machine learning methods

This paper aims to demonstrate that the elastic stiffnesses and the anisotropic parameters of rocks can be accurately predicted from geophysical features such as the porosity, the density, the compression stress, the pore pressure and the burial depth using relevant machine learning methods. It also suggests that the extreme gradient boosting method is the best method for this purpose. It is more accurate, extremely faster to train and more robust than the artificial neural networks and the support vector machine methods. Very high R-squared scores was obtained for the predicted elastic stiffnesses of a relevant dataset that is available in the literature. This dataset contains different types of rocks, and the values of the features are in large ranges. An optimal set of parameters was obtained by considering an appropriate sensitivity analysis. The optimized model is very easy to implement in Python for practical applications.     

Co-seismic Coulomb stress changes on the northern Tanlu fault zone caused by the Tohoku-Oki MW9.0 earthquake*

Based on the spherical earth dislocation theory and a fault slip model of the Tohoku-Oki M_W9.0 earthquake, the co-seismic Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS) on the northern Tanlu fault zone at depths of 0–40 km are calculated. By comparing two sets of results from the spherical earth dislocation theory and the semi-infinite space one, the effect of earth curvature on the calculation results is analyzed quantitatively. First, we systematically summarize previous researches related to the northern Tanlu fault zone, divide the fault zone as detailed as possible, give the geometric parameters of each segment, and establish a segmented structural model of the northern Tanlu fault zone. Second, we calculate the Coulomb stress changes on the northern Tanlu fault zone by using the spherical earth dislocation theory. The result shows the Coulomb stress changes are no more than 0.003 MPa, which proves the great earthquake did not significantly change the stress state of the fault zone. Finally, we quantitatively analyze the disparities between the results of semi-infinite space dislocation theory and the spherical earth one. The average disparity between them is about 7.7% on the northern Tanlu fault zone and is 16.8% on the Fangzheng graben, the maximum disparity on this graben reaches up to 25.5%. It indicates that the effect of earth curvature can not be ignored. So it’s necessary to use the spherical earth dislocation theory instead of the semi-infinite space one to study the Coulomb stress change in the far field.     

Analysis and control of vibration of ropes in a high-rise elevator under earthquake excitation

In this research, the vibration of elevator ropes, including the main rope and compensation rope are investigated simultaneously in a high-rise elevator system under earthquake excitation. Moreover, the paper presents a new control method to restrain the sway of both ropes. This study considers varying rope lengths during elevator operation which cause other system parameters such as natural frequency, and damping ratio to be time-variant variables. The dynamics of the ropes are analyzed by solving the governing non-stationary, nonlinear equation numerically. In order to mitigate the vibration of ropes in several motion conditions, particularly upwards movement, downward movement, stopped at the lowest position, and stopped at the highest position, an active equipment is installed at the compensation sheave. The stability of the system using the controller is analyzed at four states: without disturbance and static car, without disturbance and mobile car, including disturbance and static car, and including disturbance and mobile car. The efficiency of the controller used for dampening the vibration of elevator ropes is validated by numerical simulation results.     

2015年新疆皮山MW6.4地震发震断层和滑动分布反演

本文基于Sentinel-1A卫星影像数据提取了2015年皮山M_W6.4地震的同震形变场, 震中北部以隆升为主, 最大抬升量为12.9 cm; 南部以沉降为主, 最大沉降量为5.5 cm。 采用基于单一断层滑动模型的多峰粒子群优化和蒙特卡罗算法, 以LOS向InSAR形变场为约束, 对发震断层的几何模型进行非线性反演。 在此基础上, 联合InSAR和GPS数据, 利用最速下降法反演断层滑动分布。 综合结果表明: 发震断层是顶部埋深约7.4 km的隐伏断裂, 断层面大小为48 km×35 km, 断层走向、 倾角、 断层滑动角分别为111°、 19°、 91°; 断层最大滑动量0.47 m, 位于深度为10.6 km的区域; 累计地震矩3.89×10¹⁸ N·m, 约合矩震级M_W6.33。 最后, 依据主震断层滑移量计算了主震对周围中小断裂的库仑应力扰动变化, 结果显示距离震中最近的泽普断裂受主震影响的库仑应力明显增加; 震后3年内余震集中分布在泽普断裂库仑应力增加区域, 表明皮山地震主震对余震的发生可能具有一定的应力触发作用。