Linear Waveform Tomography Inversion Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Mathematical Geosciences - A linear probabilistic waveform inversion strategy is proposed for crosshole tomographic data using machine learning algorithms that integrates a priori information...     

Seasonal Variation of Dimethylsulfoxide in Rainwater at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean: Implications on the Biogenic Sulfur Cycle

A continuous record of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in rainwater was performed at Amsterdam island (37°S 77°E) from December 1995 to February 1997. Eighty one rainwater samples were collected. DMSO, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), the major anions, and cations were analyzed. DMSO concentrations ranged from 7.0 to 369 nM, with a distinct seasonal variation. The mean concentrations during the summer and the winter periods were 90 nM and 25.6 nM respectively. The observed DMSO seasonal cycle is in line with the observations of DMS in the atmosphere and MSA in rainwater, measured simultaneously during the reported period. However, the summer to winter ratio of DMSO is significantly lower than that observed for DMS and MSA. The DMSO to MSA ratio and its observed seasonal variability are also presented. The implications on the biogenic sulfur cycle are discussed.     

Urban flood vulnerability assessment in a densely urbanized city using multi-factor analysis and machine learning algorithms

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Flood is considered as the most devastating natural hazards that cause the death of many lives worldwide. The present study aimed to predict flood...     

Modeling large-scale instabilities in the Kuroshio extension

Large-scale instabilities of mid-latitude jets (with continuous horizontal and vertical shear) are studied using a long wave approximation, which is valid for disturbances of length scales greater than the internal Rossby radius of deformation. These large-scale instabilities are abundant in the Kuroshio Extension according to observations. Results show westward propagation if the total transport is westward (although the jet near surface is eastward). Large-scale instabilities gain energy from the release of available potential energy, but lose part of the gain to the mean flow by reinforcing the eastward jet near surface. The Reynolds stress tends to be positive north of the jet and negative south of the jet through all depths, which is consistent with observations.     

Microbiota of Salt Lakes as Food for the Brine Shrimp Artemia

正The brine shrimp Artemia is often abundantly found in hypersaline environments.The larvae(‘nauplii’)hatching from its dormant embryos(‘cysts’)are a crucial live food item for the larval stages of fish and shrimp in aquaculture     

我国农业气象业务体系的形成、完善和发展

该文总结了我国农业气象业务的发展。我国农业气象业务体系包括基础业务和业务系统两部分。40年来,农业气象业务体系的发展可分为两个阶段。第一阶段是50年代中期至60年代初业务发展的初级阶段,基础业务全面起步;第二阶段是80年代以来业务的发展阶段,基础业务和业务系统都得到发展,形成完善的业务体系。国家级农业气象业务在整个农业气象业务体系中起着十分重要的作用。     

Distribution of convection associated with tropical cyclones making landfall along the South China coast

Summary This study examines the convection distribution associated with 18 TCs that made landfall along the South China coast during 1995 and 2005. Cloud-top temperatures from high-resolution satellite imageries of the Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite 5 are used as proxy of strong convection. It is found that convection tends to be enhanced on the western side of the TC as it makes landfall in 10 of the cases, in agreement with the conclusion of some previous studies. Four cases have stronger convection on the eastern side. This “deviation” from the general rule appears to be related to the TCs being more slow-moving or their interaction of the TC with another land surface prior to its making landfall along the South China coast. For the remaining cases in which no significant asymmetries in convection can be identified, the vertical wind shear appears to enhance convection on the east side.     

不同性质降水发生前退偏振比的激光雷达探测

利用微脉冲偏振激光雷达对三次不同降水性质的云在降水发生前的退偏系数进行探测,对照分析同步观测的多普勒天气雷达垂直剖面图,结果表明激光雷达对云的退偏振比探测具有较高的可靠性,三次降水过程的退偏振比峰值随降水时间的逼近从高层逐步下降,退偏振比大于0.2的峰值一般出现在5 km以上的高层,2～6 km的退偏振比多维持在0.1～0.15之间,2 km以下退偏振比都小于0.1,且始终没有明显变化.