文昌鱼线粒体基因组特征分析及分子标记探讨

线粒体基因组已被广泛应用于后生动物分子系统发育和群体遗传的研究。文昌鱼（Amphioxus）作为研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式动物,在脊椎动物起源和进化研究中占据极为重要的位置。作者综合分析文昌鱼2科7个种的51条线粒体基因组全序列,全面揭示了文昌鱼线粒体基因组的基本特征。文昌鱼线粒体基因组均编码后生动物标准的37个基因...     

Periodic exposure to ambient solar irradiance benefits the growth of juvenile seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis

In our trials, from 2007 to 2008, of mass production of seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis using synchronization techniques, problems of a dark thalli phenomenon and epiphytes contamination severely threatened the health of juvenile seedlings. In this investigation, we optimized conditions for improving the growth of juvenile seedlings. Seven string collectors were seeded with zygotes and a series of experiments were conducted including direct exposure to solar irradiance, co-culture with Ulva spp. and treatme...     

Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...     

基于高空间分辨率的红树林卫星遥感监测技术进展

卫星遥感技术是红树林生态系统监测的重要手段。文章系统地总结了红树林的光谱特征,给出了目前应用于红树林生态监测的高空间分辨率卫星包括IRS-P6、SPOT-5、IKONOS、OrbView-3、QuickBird的主要技术参数以及它们在红树林遥感监测中的应用程度,叙述了目视解译法、波段组合法、图像分类法、专家分类法、模糊分类法和面向对象分类法等遥感监测技术方法在红树林的生态参数包括类外区分和类内区分、生物量和健康状况等的遥感提取的应用和精度对比情况。另外,对应用高分辨率卫星遥感资料监测红树林的技术发展趋势进行了讨论。     

越南巴达棱湾沿岸海域周年风和浪的观测分析

基于国内首次在越南巴达棱湾2007年5月—2008年4月的风、浪现场实测资料,对该海区的风和浪的基本特征进行了初步统计分析,得出如下结论:1)海区季风现象明显,冬季(夏季)盛行东北(西南)季风,东北季风强度大于西南季风强度;2)海区波向与风向基本一致,即冬季(夏季)常浪向和强浪向均是E(SSW)向浪;3)海区以风浪为主,波谱表现为多峰结构,主峰多为单峰和双峰结构,东北季风(西南季风)期间,峰值周期对应的波向为E(SSW)向,台风对海域的波谱影响明显。文章结果对认识与我国同纬度的南沙群岛海域的风、浪特点具有一定参考价值。     

舟山凉潭岛填海工程对水动力及海床演变影响的模拟预测分析

用一个三维(ECOMSED)模式对舟山凉潭岛填海工程前后的潮流场变化进行模拟,做出预测。潮流场模拟结果与实测基本吻合。经分析可知,工程对潮流的影响主要在围堤的东南角小范围内:工程后流速明显减小,造成淤积现象,但淤积程度不大,1年后的淤积为13cm左右,5年后的淤积为0.8—1.2m左右。工程对较深水层的潮流运动影响很小。通过对施工期间产生的悬浮物在涨落潮时的分布模拟可知,涨潮时,悬浮物从工程区域的一个悬浮物源不断排出,主要对工程附近及其上游地区造成一定的影响;落潮时,悬浮物主要影响工程外围及其下游地区,整个落潮期间悬浮物能影响的范围比涨潮期间要大。总体上工程对该附近海域的潮流场及冲淤影响很小。     

珠江口外表层沉积物底栖有孔虫组合及其与环境的关系

对珠江口外CJ14区块250个站位的表层沉积物进行底栖有孔虫分析,共发现底栖有孔虫118种,其中玻璃壳质80种,瓷质壳质21种,胶结壳质17种。有孔虫丰度基本随水深变深而增大。为研究底栖有孔虫分布与沉积环境之间的关系,对底栖有孔虫含量进行Q型因子分析,并选取前4个主因子,分别对应4个有孔虫组合。它们总共解释了总方差的86.2%,基本上反映了沉积物中有孔虫的群落结构。研究表明,水深和盐度是影响珠江口表层沉积物中有孔虫组合分布的控制因素,其他影响因素主要包括沉积物类型、水动力条件和沉积速率。水动力条件主要影响有孔虫的含量;沉积速率主要影响有孔虫的丰度。     

伶仃洋表层沉积物特征及其泥沙运移趋势

根据伶仃洋表层沉积物的粒度分析资料,探讨表层沉积物的特征,并在此基础上应用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析方法(GSTA模型)分析了伶仃洋表层沉积物的泥沙净输运趋势。结果表明,伶仃洋表层沉积物共有6种类型,其中以黏土质粉砂分布最广泛。受径流、潮流、波浪和陆架水入侵等多种动力作用,伶仃洋表层沉积物颗粒在北面最粗,南面次之,中间最细,东面略粗,西面略细;分选由中部向东、西两岸逐渐变好,但总体分选差;不同级配的泥沙分布和沉积特征存在差异。伶仃洋泥沙运移规律较复杂,泥沙呈现出向西南输运的总趋势;内伶仃洋四周泥沙受各种力作用,呈现出顺时针方向的环流运移,中心区域为最大浑浊带,泥沙以垂直落淤为主。淇澳岛以南至澳门半岛以东海域受粉砂和黏土向西扩散影响,泥沙向西运移。大屿海峡及外伶仃岛附近海域为高盐水入侵通道,泥沙向西北运移。     

Trace element geochemistry of CR chondrite metal

We report trace element analyses by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) of metal grains from nine different CR chondrites, distinguishing grains from chondrule interior (“interior grains”), chondrule surficial shells (“margin grains”), and the matrix (“isolated grains”). Save for a few anomalous grains, Ni‐normalized trace element patterns are similar for all three petrographic settings, with largely unfractionated refractory siderophile elements and depleted volatile Au, Cu, Ag, S. All three types of grains are interpreted to derive from a common precursor approximated by the least‐melted, fine‐grained objects in CR chondrites. This also excludes recondensation of metal vapor as the origin of the bulk of margin grains. The metal precursors were presumably formed by incomplete condensation, with evidence for high‐temperature isolation of refractory platinum‐group‐element (PGE)‐rich condensates before mixing with lower temperature PGE‐depleted condensates. The rounded shape of the Ni‐rich, interior grains shows that they were molten and that they equilibrated with silicates upon slow cooling (1–100 K h^?1), largely by oxidation/evaporation of Fe, hence their high Pd content, for example. We propose that Ni‐poorer, amoeboid margin grains, often included in the pyroxene‐rich periphery common to type I chondrules, result from less intense processing of a rim accreted onto the chondrule subsequent to the melting event recorded by the interior grains. This means either that there were two separate heating events, which formed olivine/interior grains and pyroxene/margin grains, respectively, between which dust was accreted around the chondrule, or that there was a single high‐temperature event, of which the chondrule margin records a late “quenching phase,” in which case dust accreted onto chondrules while they were molten. In the latter case, high dust concentrations in the chondrule‐forming region (at least three orders of magnitude above minimum mass solar nebula models) are indicated.     

L1-L2范数联合约束稀疏脉冲反演的应用

稀疏脉冲反演实际上就是利用反褶积原理, 从带有噪声的地震道中计算出具有稀疏分布特征的反射系数的振幅和时间.稀疏脉冲反演是非线性优化问题, 通常都是把非线性优化问题转化为线性优化问题, 然后用线性优化算法求解.以范数约束为基础, 提出L1-L2范数联合约束求解的方法.该算法采用了目前国际流行的内点算法, 与传统的优化算法相比, 这种算法具有精度高, 速度快的优点.通过研究人工模型和南海某油田实际数据, 表明该算法的计算结果和测井记录吻合好, 提高了地震分辨率, 目的层段分辨率优于8m.利用反射系数剖面预测的储层厚度和开发井吻合很好, 大大地降低了资源量计算的风险和油田开发的不确定性.