高放射性废物深地质处置库预选场址深部花岗岩的同位素地球化学

评价高放射性废物深地质处置库安全性能的一个重要方面是研究处置库的远场地球化学环境 ;矿物和岩石同位素地球化学研究可以较客观地重现矿物、岩石形成时的古环境及其演化历史。对中国第一个高放射性废物处置库预选场深部花岗岩不同深度裂隙充填矿物 (方解石、石英 )的 C、O同位素 ,Rb- Sr同位素及铀系核素的研究表明预选场深部花岗岩可分为四种不同的地球化学环境 :1浅部 (0～ 15 0 m ) ,其填隙矿物的δ1 8O(SMOW) =12 .1‰～ 13.0‰ ,δ1 3C(PDB) =- 9.5‰～ - 10 .1‰ ,δ87Sr=- 3.2 4‰～ - 1.0 9‰ ,填隙矿物形成于低温流体环境 ,为大气降水补给。 2中—上部 (15 0～ 35 0 m) ,δ1 8O(SMOW) =13.3‰～ 18.0‰ ,δ87Sr≈ 0 ,δ1 3C(PDB) =- 11.2‰～- 10 .5‰ ,填隙矿物形成时其流体来源较复杂 ,为大气降水和盆地卤水的混合流体 ,且处于弱还原环境 ;铀系核素活度数据也显示此区段地下水环境相对稳定 ,未受到现代大气降水或地下水的影响。 3中—下部花岗岩 (35 0～5 5 0 m) ,填隙矿物形成时的环境由两种不同性质的地下水控制 ,但深部地球化学环境相对稳定。 4深部 (>5 5 0 m) ,岩性相对稳定 ,地下水—花岗岩的反应处于稳定的长期平衡状态。这种地球化学环境对于高放射性废物的永久处置是有利的。     

塔里木北缘晚新生代断裂活动的年代学

运用热释光测试技术，从断层泥中提取时间信息，得到塔里木北缘四条重要断裂晚新生代活动年龄：①辛格尔断裂：(4．06t0．33)万a；②兴地断裂：(4．72t0．37)-(9．61t0．75)万a；③库车断裂(11．89t0．95)万a；④柯坪-沙井子断裂：(19．79t1．52)万a。年龄数据说明，新生代印藏碰撞对塔北地区远距离影响，这种影响不仅造成新断裂的产生，而且造成老断层的重新活化。同时，晚新生代断裂活动年龄的获得，对研究天山地区盆山耦合机制具有一定意义。     

建立储层四维地质模型的新尝试——以冀东高尚堡沙三段储层模型的建立为例

油田注水开发过程中，储层物性、微观孔隙结构和非均质性都会发生动态变化。建立反映储层性质动态变化的四维地质模型对于深化高含水期油田地质特征的认识、预测剩余油的分布规律、提高油田开发效果具有十分重要的地质意义。论文立足于油田开发过程中储层的动态变化，以冀东高尚堡沙三段储层建模为例，综合不同开发阶段的井网及相应的取心、测井和实验测试资料，研究注水过程中储层参数的变化规律，应用随机建模方法建立了不同开发阶段的储层三维地质模型，对储层四维地质模型的建立进行了有益的尝试，并在油田的实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

Dynamic Features of Angular Unconformity Formation——Extensional and Compressional Angular Unconformities

Angular unconformity is one of the most direct and strongest evidences for approving the tectonic movements of the earth's crust. Its dynamic genesis process has been understood to be mainly related to the compressional setting for a long time. Especially, in a detailed structural analysis for a specific region, when an angular unconformity is discovered people would regard it as the result of orogenic movements of a certain period or a certain episode and neglect the extensional facts. Based on a dialectical point of view of extension-compression, this paper has proved that angular unconformities can be formed not only in compressional settings, but also in extensional ones. Further more, their geological features are compared and he possible genetic mechanisms for angular unconformity under different dynamic settings are studied.     

Ion Probe Study of Silicate Inclusions from Colomera (ⅡE) Iron Meteorite: the Rare Earth Element Perspective

Coupled with a petrographical study, I carried out an ion probe study of rare earth element microdistributions in mineral phases of silicate inclusions from the Colomera ⅡE iron meteorite. Most mineral grains have homogeneous REEs, but show considerable inter-grain variations by a factor of 2 to 100. The whole rock REE abundances for Colomera, estimated by combining REE data with modal abundances, are relatively LREE-enriched with REEs of -10'CI, which suggest that Colomera silicates were highly differentiated and might represent a low degree partial melt (-10%) of a chondritic source. REE geochemistry of Colomera silicate inclusions points to an origin that involves differentiation, dynamic mixing, remelting, reduction, recrystallization, and subsequent rapid cooling near the surface of a planetary body.     

Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.     

星载GPS地球静止轨道卫星自主定轨的新算法

针对地球静止轨道卫星的特点，提出了一种自主定轨的新算法——积分滤波算法，即利用Kalman滤波进行动力学模型数值积分与GPS定轨的有效融合。讨论了该算法的基本过程及其中Kalman滤波的数学模型和重要参数。最后给出了仿真实验过程和结果，证明了该算法的可行性。     

甘肃西部平原区地下水同位素特征及更新性

大量同位素资料研究表明，甘肃西部黑河流域南部平原区地下水补给和更新的特征是，具有非均一性和有限性；潜水较年轻又更新快，承压水较老又更新慢；东部地下水更新较快，西部更新较慢；祁连山前戈壁带地下水更新较快，细土平原更新较慢；近河道带地下水更新速率大，远离河道则小。上述特征与出山地表径流量及其补给源属性密切相关。因此，结合地下水更新特征，充分利用祁连山前戈壁带较强的入渗条件和调蓄功能，与地表水联合优化调控，有利于该区水资源可持续利用。     

湘北益阳古火山岩的成因及其地质意义

湖南益阳古火山岩分布于益阳市石咀塘和大渡口两地,出露面积分别约为1km2和16km2,主要由科马提岩类和拉斑玄武岩类组成。其中石咀塘古火山岩可进一步分为含橄榄石斑晶玄武质科马提岩和含单斜辉石斑晶玄武质科马提岩2种类型。含单斜辉石斑晶玄武质科马提岩鬣剌结构发育,尚发现典型的中空骸晶橄榄石,SiO2<53%,MgO>9%,K2O<0.9%,TiO2<0.7%,CaO/Al2O3>1。该地区火山岩总体属钙碱性系列,具有高MgO、富Cr、贫不相容元素、稀土元素总量较低、轻重稀土元素分异不明显等特点,表明火山岩主要来源于形成深度较大、部分熔融程度较高的亏损上地幔区。石咀塘火山岩形成于大洋构造环境,大渡口火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,反应该地区经历了从洋壳形成到俯冲的构造演化过程。