渤海孔店组及其油气勘探意义

孔店组是古近系最古老的地层单元,它的建组命名地点为河北省黄骅县孔1井。完整的孔店组总厚度超过2500m,自上而下包括3个地层单元:孔一段、孔二段和孔三段,也被称为"红—黑—红"段,3个岩性段组成一个完整沉积旋回,底部与中生界、顶部与沙河街组为不整合接触。渤海孔店组有自己的特点,从岩性上,可分为洪积扇、坡积和正常沉积3种基本类型,洪积扇的岩性为紫红色泥岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩的不等厚互层;坡积物以砂砾岩为主夹薄层泥岩,下部为紫红色泥岩与含砾粗砂岩互层;从构造上,分为断超式和双断式两种类型。不同类型的孔店组在渤海含油气区有不同的分布。孔店组本身就是一套完整的生储盖组合,孔二段是较好的生油岩,孔一段和孔三段可形成较好储盖条件,可以形成中等规模的油气藏,对油气勘探有着重要的意义。     

云南兰坪盆地古近系构造-层序岩相古地理特征分析

构造—层序岩相古地理编图就是将岩相古地理的研究和编图与层序地层学的研究、盆地构造发展演化紧密结合,利用层序界面和其他关键界面为相对等时界面,按相关界面划分体系域,并以体系域为成图单元,采用体系域压缩法编制构造—层序岩相古地理图。以云南兰坪盆地古近系为例,进行构造—层序岩相古地理分析研究并编制构造—层序岩相古地理图,进而揭示该区古近纪构造运动对沉积特征与湖平面变化的关系,更进一步阐明该区盆地沉积充填的时空演化特征。     

断层相关裂隙的一种定量计算方法

利用平衡剖面及几何学原理,建立断层面脱空空间理论模型、断层破裂带裂隙空间的置换模型,推导出一个在2维剖面上计算断层相关裂隙空间的定量计算公式,并讨论了相关参数的地质含义及取值方法。结果表明,断层面与层面的夹角变化率是控制断层相关裂隙空间的主控因素。该计算方法为断层裂缝的预测及评价提供了一种全新的思路和方法。     

泌阳凹陷新生代构造特征与形成机制及其与油气成藏的关系

根据地层层序特征 ,叠加在东秦岭造山带之上的泌阳凹陷伸展作用可以划分出 6个伸展作用幕。核二段沉积前泌阳凹陷以北东—南西向的伸展作用为主 ,构造变形受以正断层为主兼具左旋走滑分量的唐河—栗园断裂控制。核二段沉积期——廖庄组沉积末期构造应力场发生转变 ,以北西—南东向伸展作用为主 ,构造变形主要受以正断层为主兼具右旋走滑分量的泌阳—栗园断裂控制。断裂活动引起上盘构造变形 ,对先成构造进行改造。廖庄组沉积末期发生区域性的隆升作用 ,北西—南东向的伸展作用导致边界断裂上盘发生断块掀斜 ,地层遭受强烈剥蚀。核二段沉积以来尤其是廖庄组沉积末期 ,受北西—南东向不均匀伸展作用的影响 ,北西向走滑断层活动并影响盖层构造样式     

复杂断块储层非均质性研究——以辽河油田沈84—安12块Es3^3段为例

以岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、物性、压汞曲线等资料为基础,对沈84—安12块Es33段储层非均性及其对开发的影响进行了研究。结果表明:该区储层在层间、平面及层内都表现出较强的非均质性,在微观上表现为孔隙间连通程度差、配位数较低、孔喉比高的特点。利用储层各项参数对其进行了综合评价和分类,该区主要以Ⅲ类储层为主;同时针对非均质性对注水开发效果的影响,提出分层系开采、注水井多级分注等措施,实施后含水上升速度得到控制;断块注水利用率得到明显的提高,改善了水驱开发效果,提高了断块采收率,增加了可采储量。     

The urban boundary layer in Montreal

Horizontal and vertical sampling of the atmosphere has provided new information on the form of Montreal's urban heat island. The horizontal pattern under clear skies with light winds shows a major heat island, with marked gradients at the periphery, and a multicellular inner core. Retarded urban cooling rates in the evening yield a maximum heat-island intensity around midnight. Combined horizontal and vertical temperature surveys show that under conditions of strong rural stability, the lowest layers of the urban atmosphere become progressively modified as air moves toward the centre of the city. The change in the form of the potential temperature profile is in good agreement with Summers' internal boundary-layer hypothesis. In Montreal differing heights of heat and SO₂ emission appear to produce more than one internal layer. SO₂ observations, and heat input calculations reveal two major emission sources in Montreal; one associated with an industrial complex, and the other with the downtown core.     

Variation de la stabilité atmosphérique urbaine en fonction de la direction du vent

Abstract

Hourly observations of temperature difference between the 61 ‐ and 6.1‐m levels of the Montréal Botanical Gardens meteorological tower from December 1967 to November 1972 have been stratifïed according to wind direction and season, and have been analysed to find any variation of the urban stability with respect to wind direction. A maximum in stability was found to be associated with easterly and southeasterly winds, and a maximum in instability with westerly and northwesterly winds. The amplitude of this variation is such that the instability for the three hours around noon moves, according to Pasquill nomenclature, from class A (very unstable) to class D (neutral), thus generating notable differences between the coefficients of dispersion used in the Gaussian dispersion and hence between the pollutant concentrations calculated with these various coefficients.     

冀中早第三纪湖盆演化、油气评价与找油方向

根据冀中坳陷大量钻井岩性剖面、地震测线和实验室分析等资料，运用沉积学、层序地层学和石油地质学等多学科理论为指导，深入研究冀中坳陷下第三系区域地质特征、层序地层特征、沉积环境变迁、沉积相带展布和油气分布状况。把冀中坳陷下第三系划分为断陷分割充填期、断陷扩张深陷期、断陷萎缩期、断坳扩展期和断坳抬升消亡期五个演化阶段。最终把区内12个凹陷划分为继承型、早盛型、过渡型、偏移型和沉降型五种类型湖盆，并对它们进行了含油气评价；指出廊固和坝县凹陷具有良好的油气勘探前景，是今后油气勘探的主攻方向；饶阳凹陷东部、晋县和束鹿凹陷，要立足小断块，不断发现小油藏，保证冀中油气长期稳产。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON NONLINEAR INTERACTION BETWEEN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND SEA

Given time-independent monthly mean sea temperature,numerical simulation was done of the path of the tropicalcyclone Forrest and its related physical quantity field in terms of the improved version of the σ-coordinate 10-levelprimitive equation model for tropical cyclones developed by the Guangzhou Institute of Marine Meteorology.Resultssuggest the similarity between the simulated and observed physical quantity fields except that the simulated path was tothe right of the observed,with the deviation increasing with time.Sea and tropical cyclone,in effect,interact mutually.In an attempt to compare the results from coupling anduncoupling experiments,an oceanic mixed layer model was formulated based on experiments with sea response to cy-clone and integrated in synchronous coupling with the aforementioned version of tropical cyclones,the computationaldomain covering the western North Pacific with the coastal configuration involved.The coupling experiment shows thatthe negative feedback of the interaction between sea and mature cyclone leads to weaker sea response as compared to theuncoupling case.Except for the location of the divergence core of oceanic current,the mixed layer depth andinhomogeneous distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) caused by the cyclone-core position and intensity,the val-ues of the maximum oceanic current,departure of the mixed layer depth and SST drop were smaller in the coupling thanin the uncoupling case,and so was the maximum wind near the cyclone core.The path from the coupling run is to theleft of the course in the uncoupling experiment but closer to the observed one though remaining somewhat leftward.Even on a scale of less than 3 days,the effects of sea and sea-cyclone interaction on the cyclone were by no means negli-gible.     

Simplified Method and Improved Solution for Deriving Fifth Order Stokes Wave

As the solution of the two equations for determining the existing fifth order Stokes wave de-rived by Skjelbreia is complex and tedious,the two equations are simplified into one equation for deter-mining d/L,i.e.,f(H,T,d/L)=0.According to this simplified method,three cases of the solution forthe Skjelbreia equations have been found:one accurate solution;more than one accurate solution and noaccurate solution(but there exists the optimum approximate solution in the area of satisfying Skjelbreiaequations).As to the case of more than one accurate solution,the reasonable solution can be judged fromthe method of variational principle,by means of which an optimum solution improved from the solutionof Skjelbreia equations in the area of satisfying the original mathematical equations of non-vortex andnonlinear wave theory,i.e.,the optimum fifth order Stokes wave,is given.