航空象片在区域岩溶地貌研究中的应用

<正> 我们在研究黔南地区岩溶发育规律的过程中,充分利用遥感遥测技术手段,对岩溶地貌形态成因类型及控制因素,分项系统地进行了四万平方公里1∶5万航片解译。在岩溶地貌的形态特征、地貌分带、同一岩溶期内地貌演化的横向变化、地质构造及岩性对地貌发育的影响、地下水的分布规律等方面,都收到了比较良好的效果,弥补了地面观察难以建立的空间概念,大大减轻了野外调查任务,可见遥感、遥测技术是一种省时、省力、见效快的工作方法,是研究区域岩溶发育规律及编制不同比例尺岩溶地质图不可缺少的重要手段。     

Comparison of regional climate model and statistical downscaling simulations of different winter precipitation change scenarios over Romania

Summary Regional climate model and statistical downscaling procedures are used to generate winter precipitation changes over Romania for the period 2071–2100 (compared to 1961–1990), under the IPCC A2 and B2 emission scenarios. For this purpose, the ICTP regional climate model RegCM is nested within the Hadley Centre global atmospheric model HadAM3H. The statistical downscaling method is based on the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to construct climate change scenarios for winter precipitation over Romania from two predictors, sea level pressure and specific humidity (either used individually or together). A technique to select the most skillful model separately for each station is proposed to optimise the statistical downscaling signal. Climate fields from the A2 and B2 scenario simulations with the HadAM3H and RegCM models are used as input to the statistical downscaling model. First, the capability of the climate models to reproduce the observed link between winter precipitation over Romania and atmospheric circulation at the European scale is analysed, showing that the RegCM is more accurate than HadAM3H in the simulation of Romanian precipitation variability and its connection with large-scale circulations. Both models overestimate winter precipitation in the eastern regions of Romania due to an overestimation of the intensity and frequency of cyclonic systems over Europe. Climate changes derived directly from the RegCM and HadAM3H show an increase of precipitation during the 2071–2100 period compared to 1961–1990, especially over northwest and northeast Romania. Similar climate change patterns are obtained through the statistical downscaling method when the technique of optimum model selected separately for each station is used. This adds confidence to the simulated climate change signal over this region. The uncertainty of results is higher for the eastern and southeastern regions of Romania due to the lower HadAM3H and RegCM performance in simulating winter precipitation variability there as well as the reduced skill of the statistical downscaling model.     

Seasonal variation of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM10 in Guangzhou, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the urban atmosphere. An investigation on seasonal variation of PAHs in the urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China was conducted in this study. 112 PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm) samples were collected at two sites between June 2002 and June 2003. PAHs were analyzed with GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The result showed that PAHs exhibit distinct seasonal variation. The seasonal concentration for the ∑PAHs ranged from 8.11 to 106.26 ng m^− 3. The average ∑PAHs measured were highest in winter and lowest in summer. The PAHs distribution patterns were similar within each season at two sites. 5–6 ring PAHs were the abundant compounds, which accounted for 65–90% of ∑PAHs and benzo [b + k] fluoranthene dominated in four seasons. The PAHs concentration and distribution pattern fluctuated greatly in winter for the cold air current. Based on the different temperature in winter, the samples were split into two groups. PM10 and the abundance of the PAHs in winter-1 (temperature, 12–22 °C) were much greater than in winter-2 (temperature, 8–12 °C). In winter-1 benzo [b + k] fluoranthene and Indeno [1, 2, 3] pyrene dominated while chrysene and benzo [b + k] fluoranthene dominated in winter-2. Meteorological conditions such as wind speed and temperature had a strong influence on the seasonal variation. Potential sources of PAHs were identified using the molecular diagnostic ratios between PAHs. Results showed fossil fuel combustion may be the major source of PAHs at the two sites.     

基于马尔可夫链的旱涝预测应用研究

在阐述马尔可夫思想和预测思想及其原理的基础上,明确了采用此方法的具体步骤和参数值,同时,分析了此方法的优缺点。根据1971 2000年辽宁省本溪市市区降水量资料,取适当的α值,采用均值—方差法对年降水量进行分级,并应用加权马尔可夫链对该地区的旱涝状态进行了预测,结果表明,预测值与实际值相吻合,说明此方法有一定的实际应用意义。     

Types and microbial genesis of carbonate microbodies in Zoophycos from the Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian Taiyuan Formation in North China

Many kinds of ichnofossil Zoophycos occur commonly in the carbonate rocks of Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian Taiyuan Formation in North China. In this study, carbonate microbodies types were identified in four differently-colored fillings of Zoophycos using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Based on the morphologic characteristics, these carbonate microbodies can be divided into three groups, i.e., spheroids,framboids and rhabditiforms. According to the structural features of surface and individual or aggregate morphologies,the three groups can be further subdivided into thirteen types:(1) smooth spheroids;(2) spheroids with tiny thorns;(3)spheroids with a finely granulated surface;(4) spheroids with a flocculent surface;(5) spheroids with a vermiform surface;(6) framboid monomers;(7) framboid colonies;(8) linear smooth rhabditiform bodies;(9) smooth rhabditiform bodies with expanding ends;(10) biserial rhabditiform bodies;(11) spiral rhabditiform bodies;(12) thorny rhabditiform bodies; and(13) branched rhabditiform bodies. This paper not only describes the morphology, composition and occurrence of the various carbonate microbodies, but also discusses their possible microbial genesis, as follows:(1)carbonate spherical microbodies most likely were generated after globular bacterial cells had been fully displaced by minerals;(2) framboid monomers and colonies corresponding to the morphology of biogenic strawberry(or raspberry)pyrite, with their appearance and internal structure possibly inheriting the morphology of microbial cells, were indirectly generated by some microenvironmental changes due to microbial activity;(3) the morphological features,size, occurrences and preservation of filamentous and rhabditiform microbodies indicate that they may be biogenic structures, and possibly mineralized microbial fossils; and(4) some kind of symbiotic relationship exists between microbial action and the Zoophycos trace-makers. Besides, the differently-colored fillings of Zoophycos are most likely closely related to differences in the composition of microbial taxa, which in turn reflect different microenvironmental conditions.     

Changes in phytoplankton communities along nutrient gradients in Lake Taihu: evidence for nutrient reduction strategies

An annual investigation on phytoplankton communities was conducted to reveal the effects of nutrients on phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Taihu,East China. A total of 78 phytoplankton taxa were identified. Phytoplankton biomass was higher in the northern part of the lake than in the southern part. Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta alternated dominance in the northern area,where algal blooms often appear,and co-dominated in the southern area. In the northern part,the proportions of cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta varied significantly in total biovolume,both along the phosphorus(P) gradient,and between total nitrogen levels(≤3 mg/L and 3 mg/L TN). The proportions of cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta had no signif icant variations in total biovolume along P and N(nitrogen) gradients in the southern part. Correlation analysis and CCA results revealed that P was the key factor regulating phytoplankton community structure. Nitrogen was also important for the phytoplankton distribution pattern. It was concluded that nutrient structure was heterogeneous in space and shaped the distribution pattern of phytoplankton in the lake. Both exogenous P and internally sourced Prelease needs to be considered. N reduction should be considered simultaneously with P control to efficiently reduce eutrophication and algal blooms.     

辽东青城子白云金矿床成矿期构造特征分析

辽东青城子金矿集区位于华北克拉通北缘东段古元古代辽吉裂谷带内,是我国重要的金富集区之一。白云金矿床是青城子金矿集区中具有代表性的矿床,其储量大、开采浅,具有较大的找矿潜力。通过野外勘察、井下观察、资料收集及室内测试等方法,并采用野外情况与室内分析相结合、宏观与微观相结合的研究方法,对矿体的分布形态、围岩蚀变及成矿期的构造特征进行了研究。研究表明：该矿床主要发育于辽河群盖县组云母片岩、变粒岩中,为热液蚀变岩型金矿床,矿体主要受断裂构造控制,主体走向为EW向,向南中等-低角度倾斜,呈舒缓波状,具有尖灭再现等特点;矿体围岩蚀变发育并受断裂控制,主要为硅化、绢英岩化、石墨化、绿泥石化等;导矿和容矿构造主要为近EW向逆冲断裂及其派生的次级构造。通过对成矿期控矿断裂解析及Au品位分布特征,厘定其成矿期构造应力场为NW-SE方向挤压,矿体向SW侧伏。     

Study on Shear Strength of Cement Face Between Rock and Concrete

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The samples of slightly weathered granite drilled before the construction of Runyang suspended bridge's north anchorage are used as the research object...     

Closed-Form Solution of Critical Inclination for Rock Slope with Weak Plane

Plane failure of rock slope is highly related to the inclination of the weak plane. The inclination of the weak plane is a general function of factors including: height of slope, factor of safety, horizontal coefficient of earthquake influence, inclination of slope, unit weight of rockmass, cohesion and friction angle on the plane. The closed-form solution of the critical inclination of the weak plane corresponding respectively is derived under two conditions (i.e., without earthquake and with earthquake), because the critical height of slope and the critical factor of safety are considered to and are easy to be adjusted in engineering practice. In the end, the relations between derived critical closed-form solution and each parameter are illustrated with an example.

     

贵州省矿产资源国情调查内容与工作方法

为摸清矿产资源储量“家底”,保障矿业经济高质量发展和推动建立矿产资源定期调查评价制度,在全国试点调查取得经验基础上,贵州省全面开展非油气矿产资源国情调查工作,对全省各类矿产资源数量、质量、结构和空间分布情况以及未利用、已利用和压覆状况开展系统调查与评价,掌握全省矿产资源供给能力和开发利用潜力。其调查内容与方法技术总体遵循现行技术标准的最新规定和要求,本文围绕查明矿产资源与潜在矿产资源两方面的调查内容,采用资料收集与整理、采矿权清理、内业整理、外业调查以及数据汇总的技术方法,系统开展数据库建设、调查成果汇总和专题评价与研究,进一步总结出一套基于贵州省情的矿产资源国情调查工作思路与方法,可为全省矿产资源储量数据“两库衔接”、动态更新以及矿产资源管理“一张图”等应用服务提供重要支撑。