A Numerical Study of the Severe Heavy Rainfall Associated with Typhoon Haitang （2005）

Typhoons landing in the central and north of Fujian Province often seriously impact Zhejiang Province. Much attention has been given to exceptionally torrential rain in the South/North Yandang mountainous regions in the southeast of Zhejiang Province associated with typhoon-landing. Typhoon Haitang （2005） is a typical case of such a category, which landed in Huangqi Town of Lianjiang County in Fujian Province, and meanwhile greatly impacted Southeast Zhejiang. A numerical simulation has been performed with the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic model MM5V3 to study the torrential rain associated with Typhoon Haitang. The comparison of simulated and observed rainfalls shows that the MM5V3 was able to well simulate not only the intensity but also the locations of severe heavy rain of Typhoon Haitang, especially the locations of the south/north heavy rain center areas in the South/North Yandang mountainous regions. Meanwhile, the diagnostic analysis has been also carried out for better understanding of the severe heavy rain mechanism by using the model output data of high resolution. The diagnostic analysis indicates that the westward tilt of the axis of vorticity from lower layer to upper layer over the south heavy rain center area and the coupled structure of convergence in the lower layer and divergence in the upper level over the north heavy rain center area, were both propitious to stronger upward motion in the layers between the mid and upper atmosphere, and the secondary circulation induced by the vertical shear of the ambient winds further strengthened the upward motion in the heavy rain areas. After Haitang passed through Taiwan Island into the Taiwan Strait, the water vapor east of Taiwan Island was continuously transferred by typhoon circulation towards South Wenzhou, leading to the torrential rainfall in the South Yandang mountainous region south of Wenzhou. Subsequently~ Haitang moved northwards, the water vapor belt east of Taiwan Island slowly advanced northwards, the precipitation rate obviously enhanced i     

IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量中检校场布设方案研究

在IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量生产中,布设检校场的作用、检校场如何布设、飞行的频率以及飞行中的注意事项等一直是国内外众多学者专家积极讨论的内容.文中对检校场所起的作用进行了系统分析,提出了检校场的布设方案,并进行了大量的实测数据实验,探讨了上述问题.     

激光雷达回波模型辅助的坡地森林冠层高度反演

大光斑激光雷达数据已广泛应用于森林冠层高度提取,但通常仅限于地形坡度小于20°的平缓地区。在地形坡度大于20°的陡峭山区,地形引起的波形展宽使得地面回波和植被回波信息混合在一起,给森林冠层高度提取带来巨大挑战。本文利用激光雷达回波模型和地形信息,提出了一种模型辅助的坡地森林冠层高度反演算法。该方法以激光雷达回波信号截止点为参考,定义了波形高度指数H50和H75,使用激光雷达回波模型与已知地形信息模拟裸地的激光雷达回波,将裸地回波信号截止点与森林激光雷达回波信号截止点对齐,利用裸地回波计算常用的波形相对高度指数RH50和RH75,对森林冠层高度进行反演。并与高斯波形分解法和波形参数法的反演结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:(1)利用所提取的波形指数RH50和RH75对胸高断面积加权平均高(Lorey’s height)进行了估算,在坡度小于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的估算结果与实测值线性拟合的相关系数(R2)分别为0.70,0.78和0.98,对应的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为2.90 m,2.48 m和0.60 m,模型辅助法略优于其他两种方法;(2)在坡度大于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的R2分别为0.14,0.28和0.97,相应的RMSE分别为4.93 m,4.53 m和0.81 m,模型辅助法明显优于其他两种方法;(3)在0°—40°时,模型辅助法对Lorey’s height估算结果与实测值的R2为0.97,RMSE为0.80 m。本研究提出的模型辅助法具有更好的地形适应性,在0°—40°的坡度范围内具备对坡地森林冠层高度反演的潜力。     

川滇黔矿集区天宝山铅锌矿床硫化物原位硫同位素特征

川滇黔铅锌矿集区是中国最重要的铅锌矿产地之一,文章以该矿集区内四川天宝山大型铅锌矿床为例,开展了LA-MC-ICP-MS硫化物原位硫同位素与LA-ICP-MS闪锌矿原位微量元素分析,为认识该类矿床硫源和矿床成因提供地质地球化学依据.微量元素数据计算所得成矿温度在130～170℃之间,是典型MVT型矿床的成矿温度.LA-...     

GPS/伪卫星组合选址优化的一种思路

针对露天矿区GPS几何图形条件与可见卫星个数易受地形影响、定位不佳的情况,利用GPS/伪卫星组合定位技术提高定位精度。阐述了GPS定位精度因子的概念,并进行了相关公式的推导。以某矿区接收的GPS信息为实验数据,利用Matlab仿真定量分析出加入伪卫星后对定位精度的影响;并提出以观测时间、高度角、方位角为自变量的三维选址优化模型,为伪卫星选址优化提供了直观的表达方法。     

基于IGS和CORS站的GPS接收机校准基线网研究

GPS接收机校准工作技术要求高,对校准基线的环境条件要求较严,特别是在中长基线校准过程中易受外界环境条件干扰,校准的工作量大,重复检校率也较高。介绍IGS和CORS服务系统情况,在常规GPS校准基线点的基础上,将IGS KUNM站和部分KMCORS站纳入GPS接收机校准中长基线网,进行优化设计和测量。该校准基线网与常规基线网相比,校准基线数量成倍增加,长度显著延长,能有效地提高GPS接收机校准的准确性。     

高速铁路CPⅢ高程控制网测量方法研究

本文分析高速铁路CPⅢ高程控制网建网时普遍采用的德国测量方法,指出其存在的不足,在此基础上提出了技术上更为合理又适合我国国情的矩形法测量方法。通过对矩形法相邻点高差相对中误差和最弱点高程中误差的估算以及实验验证,认为矩形法可以用于CPⅢ高程网的建网测量。研究结果对于目前高速铁路工程测量相关规范的制订和在建高速铁路CPⅢ高程网的测量具有重要的参照价值。     

不同大地坐标系间相互转换的病态解决及抗差算法

不同大地坐标系间进行坐标转换是利用具有两个坐标系下坐标的公共点,求取转换参数 经常会遇到系数矩阵病态导致转换精度差的问题,且公共点的坐标精度直接影响转换参数的求解精度,也就是影响坐标转换的精度.本文探讨利用LC曲线法、截断奇异值法及广义交叉检验准则法解决病态问题,同时采用抗差估计理论进行不同大地坐标间的转换.当公共点...     

Water Cycle and Microphysical Processes Associated with a Mesoscale Convective Vortex System in the Dabie Mountain Area

The water vapor budget and the cloud microphysical processes associated with a heavy rainfall system in the Dabie Mountain area in June 2008 were analyzed using mesoscale reanalysis data(grid resolution 0.03 × 0.03,22 vertical layers,1-h intervals),generated by amalgamating the local analysis and prediction system(LAPS).The contribution of each term in the water vapor budget formula to precipitation was evaluated.The characteristics of water vapor budget and water substances in various phase states were evaluated and their differences in heavy and weak rainfall areas were compared.The precipitation calculated from the total water vapor budget accounted for 77% of actual precipitation;surface evaporation is another important source of water vapor.Water vapor within the domain of interest mainly came from the lower level along the southern boundary and the lower-middle level along the western boundary.This altitude difference for water vapor flux was caused by different weather systems.The decrease of local water vapor in the middle-lower layer in the troposphere during the system development stage also contributed to precipitation.The strength and the layer thickness of water vapor convergence and the content of various water substances in the heavy rainfall areas were obviously larger than in the weak rainfall areas.The peak values of lower-level water vapor convergence,local water vapor income,and the concentration of cloud ice all preceded the heaviest surface rainfall by a few hours.     

影响热带气旋路径的敏感性试验与研究

针对热带气旋观测中的敏感区域问题,用数值模拟的方法,以GRAPES-TCM为试验模式,对登陆中国的2个热带气旋“派比安”与“圣帕”进行了敏感性试验,并通过模拟其他4个热带气旋路径对试验结果进行了验证.结果显示,初始场的不确定性导致了热带气旋路径的不确定性,但初始场中涡旋场的变化对路径几乎没有影响,环境场中位于涡旋外、距...