胶东晚中生代金矿成矿的硫同位素组成及热动力源

胶东地区晚中生代金矿床均有一个与岛弧玄武质、安山质岩浆相一致的δ^34(6．5‰-7.0‰)硫源，而全铜矿床的δ^34为4．5‰-5．0‰，与岛弧玄武质岩浆的δ^34接近。可初步认为该区全(铜)成矿流体的热源来自地慢或俯冲地慢楔产生的玄武岩浆。成矿流体的产生与岛弧玄武质岩浆底侵／内侵作用密切相关，形成于被加热的地壳。     

A Causality-guided Statistical Approach for Modeling Extreme Mei-yu Rainfall Based on Known Large-scale Modes——A Pilot Study

Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR) can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in China. While significant improvements have been made in climate models, they often struggle to simulate local-to-regional extreme rainfall(e.g., MYR). Yet, large-scale climate modes(LSCMs) are relatively well represented in climate models.Since there exists a close relationship between MYR and various LSCMs, it might be possible to develop causality-guided statistical models for MYR pr...     

A Numerical Study on Water Waves Generated by A Submerged Moving Body in A Two-Layer Fluid System

This is a numerical study on the time development of surface waves generated by a submerged body moving steadily in a two-layer fluid system, in which a layer of water is underlain by a layer of viscous mud. The fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations are solved on FLUENT with the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) multiphase scheme in order to simulate the free surface waves as well as the water-mud interface waves as functions of time. The numerical model is validated by mimicking a reported experiment in a one-layer ...     

A Numerical Study on Water Waves Generated by a A Submerged Moving Body in a A Two-Llayer Fluid System

This is a numerical study on the time development of surface waves generated by a submerged body moving steadily in a two-layer fluid system, in which a layer of water is underlain by a layer of viscous mud. The fully nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations are solved on FLUENT with the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) multiphase scheme in order to simulate the free surface waves as well as the water–mud interface waves as functions of time. The numerical model is validated by mimicking a reported experiment in a one-layer system before it is applied to a two-layer system. It is found that the presence of bottom mud in a water layer can lead to large viscous damping of the surface waves. To investigate the problem systematically, the effects of the Froude number and the mud layer thickness, density and viscosity relative to those of water are evaluated and discussed in detail.     

中国香港大型酸性火山岩六方柱状节理构造景观及其地质成因意义

在简单介绍中国香港地质概况的基础上,对发育在香港境内酸性火山岩中的大型六方柱状节理构造景观进行了介绍,并对其形成的地质基础和过程进行了探讨.对世界上著名的十多个柱状节理构造景观进行对比后指出,香港酸性火山凝灰岩大型六方柱状节理景观是世界上同类岩石中罕见的地质现象,分布面积大,露头完整,具有稀缺性、独特性和典型性,对西太...     

引资发展环境指标与地理信息系统的结合——中国两大外向型经济区域引资发展环境统计指标图示

招商、引资、发展是过去20年来巾国长江三角洲城市与珠江三角洲城市经济增长的一个主要策略,尤其是长、珠三角地区的经济发展上是一个主要的动力.以地理信息系统(GIS)的平台,呈现经过经济与管理实证的"引资环境"指标,就是一个相当有效的方法.文章报告<中国两大外向型经济区域引资发展环境统计指标图示集>的内容及如何进一步利用地理信息系统的想法.     

剪切带运动学：重点评述三斜模式和区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理的重要性

详细评述了剪切带运动学和内部几何学研究的新进展。剪切带内的递进变形一般为三斜对称,单斜剪切带(包括简单剪切带)是特例情形。理论模拟表明,如同许多天然剪切带中所见到的,在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理的方位可从近水平到平行于倾向连续变化。过去一般将拉伸线理的方向当作剪切运动方向的做法是以简单剪切模式为基础的,不适合于一般剪切带。在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理和剪切方向之间不存在简单关系。然而,C面上的韧性滑动擦痕平行于剪切方向发育,是剪切方向的可靠标志。因此,在剪切带运动学解释中区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理非常重要。     

Rheological Properties and Incipient Motion of Cohesive Sediment in the Haine Estuary of China

The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipient motion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sediment samples were taken from three locations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to delermine the rheological properties of these samples and to examine the incipient motion of the cohesive sediment. it is found that the cohesive sediment has an obvious yield stress τb, which increases with the mud density in a manner of an exponential function, and so does the viscosity parameter η. The cohesive sediment behaves like a Bingham fluid when its density is below 1. 38 - 1 .40 g/cm3 , and when denser than these values, it may become a power-law fluid. The incipient motion experiment also revealed that the incipient velocity of the cohesive sediment increases with the density in an exponential manner. Therefore, the incipient motion is primarily related to the density, which is different f     

地下水开采引起的次压缩对隧道长期沉降的影响

软土地区盾构隧道建成后往往伴随有明显的长期沉降,较大的隧道沉降会严重影响地铁系统的运营及安全。然而,目前对于软土地区隧道长期沉降机制的认识尚不明确。以上海地区地铁盾构隧道1999－2007年间的隧道沉降为例,通过室内试验及现场监测对引起隧道长期沉降的因素,特别对地下水开采引起的软土及砂土层次压缩进行了研究。结果表明,第4含水砂层具有明显的次压缩特性,抽取地下水引起的第4含水层的压缩,特别是其次压缩变形,是引起隧道长期沉降的主要原因之一。因此,严格控制该承压含水层地下水开采是目前缓解上海地铁隧道长期沉降的主要措施。     

ICE‐MARGINAL SEDIMENT DELIVERY TO THE SURFACE OF A HIGH‐ARCTIC GLACIER: AUSTRE BRØGGERBREEN,SVALBARD

Enhanced delivery of water‐saturated, ice‐marginal sediments to the glacier surface is a response to glacier thinning that has the potential to increase both levels of sediment transfer through the glacier hydrological system and total basin sediment yields. Preliminary observations made during summer 2007 at Austre Brøggerbreen, Svalbard, confirm that ice‐marginal debris flows in the upper reaches of the glacier are actively delivering sediments to the glacier surface, which may then be flushed into the glacier's hydrological system. During a four‐day observation period, several stochastic pulses in water turbidity were observed at a single portal where solely supra‐ and englacial drainage emerge at the glacier margin. The erratic suspended sediment fluxes were hypothesized to originate from ice‐marginal sources. Quantitative analysis of continuous turbidity and discharge data confirm that discharge is not driving these turbidity pulses and, combined with observational data, that the most likely origin is the delivery of water‐saturated sediments to the glacier surface from ice‐marginal, debris flows with subsequent transfer to the portal via the glacial drainage system. These observations illustrate the potential importance of the paraglacial component to the overall sediment cascade of deglaciating basins and highlight the need for careful interpretation of turbidity records, where stochastic pulses in turbidity may be attributed to sources and processes other than ice‐marginal sediment inputs.