The ethics of population control in rural China, 1979-92

This article identifies some issues of importance in understanding China's policy of population control. This article presents evidence of trends in fertility, population policy, family planning, and socioeconomic change; and then discusses the conflict between fertility preferences and policy that is evident from studies of ideal family size and sex ratios. Some issues that are identified as "uncertain" include the extent of spread of family planning service delivery and its associated insurance schemes, local family planning policies and cadre responsibility systems, the demand for children, the demand for female children, the economic and environmental consequences of population growth, the fairness of reproductive restrictions and their application, and the extent of coercion in the later-longer-fewer policy era. It is argued that an ethical framework for analyzing China's population policy should include answers to questions about the harm to welfare from population growth, the government's right to demand voluntary reproductive sacrifice or to impose demographic or reproductive restrictions and punishment, and the government's right to impose coercion. If it is accepted that population growth in China has adverse consequences and its control would be beneficial to all, then it must be determined what the nature of the relationship should be between the state and the individual. The author refers to Walzer's (1983) position that the legitimacy of Chinese state power depends in part on whether political leaders at all levels are competent and not corrupt. The rights and duties of the government and individuals must be understood not just in terms of political legitimacy but also in terms of social justice. Social justice is dependent upon the degree of horizontal and vertical consultation and accountability, utilitarian consequences, and protected spheres of individual judgement. Utilitarian theories justify the one-child policy, while deontological theories support reproductive freedom as an absolute right.     

Variation of Flow Field Around Twin Cylinders with and Without the Outer Perforated Cylinder ? Numerical Study

Presence of the outer perforated cylinder reduces the direct wave impact on the inner cylinder, which has been testified by many researchers. However, the force reduction mechanism, which is complicated due to the wave-porous structure interaction, needs to be addressed in detail. The present study explains the mechanism with the aid of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool STAR CCM+. This package is chosen for its capabilities to simulate viscous and turbulence effects caused by passage of waves. For the present study, flow fields around the twin cylinders with different orientations are examined with and without the outer perforated cover. Mechanism contributing to the reduction of force on the existing structure is explained in physical terms, and force reduction is quantified. The present study has direct application in the retrofitting application of offshore members.     

土壤中CO_2、SO_2和H_2S气体测量:一种适用于覆盖区找矿的化探方法

为了研究CO2、SO2和H2S气体测量方法在覆盖区隐伏矿勘查的应用效果,采用气体快速分析仪对内蒙古拜仁达坝银铅锌矿、江西景德镇朱溪钨铜矿和江西乐平月形铜矿开展了CO2、SO2和H2S气体测量试验性研究。结果表明,采用CO2、SO2和H2S气体测量,能有效发现隐伏矿的信息,勘探深度能达到1 000m。该方法操作简便,可以现场读数,是一种非常有前景的覆盖区找矿方法。     

Post‐ore Modification and Preservation of the Indosinian Porphyry Copper Deposit in Geza Arc,Yunnan, SW China

正Objective The post-ore modification and preservation of porphyry copper deposits is controlled and influenced by various geological processes,and the regional uplift and denudation is the most important factors.This study used     

Mineralogy,Geochemistry and Palaeomagnetism of Mafic Dykes from Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: Implication on Petrogenesis,Tectonic Setting and Timing of Mafic Magmatism in Northern Part of Indian Lithosphere

正Occurrence of mafic dykes in Himalaya has been intriguing and debated since long because of its difficulty to ascent and emplacement through a thickened crust.Mafic dykes in Kumaun Lesser Himalaya(KLH)of central Indian     

柴达木盆地北部新生代构造运动及其对盐湖演化的影响

新生代以来,印度板块与青藏高原发生了强烈的碰撞,由此而产生的远程效应导致柴达木盆地北缘的阿尔金山脉晚古近纪以后发生了强烈的走滑,并导致盆内构造形式发生了一系列变化。在前人对盆地构造运动、古地磁、古地理及岩石地球化学研究结果的基础上,提出了上新世以来在NE和近NS向共同挤压作用的影响下,盆地内部棋盘格式不均匀隆升控制了柴达木盆地北部湖盆的形成,对后期盐湖沉积产生了重要影响。     

新疆县域人口与畜牧业经济时空演化分析北大核心CSCD

以ARCGIS和GEODA软件为技术平台,采用探索性空间分析方法对2001-2014年新疆人口与畜牧业经济空间演化进行分析。结果表明:2001-2014年新疆人口与畜牧业地理集中度分布总体较为一致,基本呈现以哈密、伊犁、喀什为三个端点的"C"型,但两者的地理联系率在2007年出现拐点,联系率开始持续减小;人口单变量和人口与畜牧业经济双变量空间自相关均不显著,但畜牧业经济呈现显著空间正自相关性,畜牧业经济呈现高度集聚特征;其LISA图表明H-H区域主要分布在北疆天山北坡经济带一线,L-L区域主要分布在南疆塔里木盆地区域,两者均出现集中连片特征,L-H区域分布较为分散,H-L区域零星出现;分布特征与自然禀赋条件差异、牧区畜牧业和农区畜牧业的布局特征紧密相连。     

西安市生态环境与经济发展的耦合关系

采用耦合协调模型对2000—2013年西安市生态环境系统和经济系统进行综合评价分析,并对两大系统的耦合关系及耦合度演变趋势进行研究。结果表明:生态环境系统综合水平呈现在波动中下降的演变趋势,经济系统综合发展水平呈现在波动中上升的演变趋势;西安市生态环境和经济发展二者协调性由低水平的经济滞后失调型发展为高水平的生态环境滞后协调型,并存在工业废气排量增加和不合理的产业结构等问题,因此,需加强污染物排放的控制与监管,实施绿色考核制度,坚持绿色生活方式,从转变经济增长方式和增长动力2个角度出发,从而实现区域经济社会可持续发展。     

支持近似最短距离查询的高效图加密机制

近似最短距离查询是图检索的基本模式.为了保护外包数据安全,通常对图数据进行加密.已有加密方案使用两跳覆盖模型构建加密图索引,导致索引结构复杂,降低了查询效率.本文提出了一种基于图压缩的加密机制,可以提高图的检索效率,并且支持加密图最短路径查询.该机制使用K-mediods聚类使得图中的节点按照距离分成K个簇,每个簇内的节点使用其中心节点代理,当查询2个点间最短距离时,对于相同簇内的点直接查询,对于簇间的点使用代理节点查询距离.实验结果表明该机制有效地减少了查询时间,提高了查询效率,且查询结果误差度在可接受范围内.     

苏联大地构造学的发展与现状

苏联政府和苏联共产党,对苏联各门科学给予很多的关怀与注意。因此,在苏联各民族英明领袖斯大林同志领导下,自苏维埃联盟成立以来,在分门科学的领域中,都获得了极大的成就。