Can turbidity caused by Corophium volutator (Pallas) activity be used to assess sediment toxicity rapidly?

The standard toxicity test organism, Corophium volutator, exhibits a behavioural response to contaminated sediments that causes increased turbidity of overlying water. We quantify the effects of this response to an estuarine sediment spiked with copper and hydrocarbon contaminated sediments from an oil installation in the North Sea. Turbidity measured 24 h after the start of a toxicity test shows a strong relationship with contaminant concentrations and with mortality after 10 days. Turbidity measurements can therefore give a rapid indication of sediment toxicity, permitting a reduction in storage time of sediments to be used in dilution series and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests, reducing the likelihood of contaminants degrading prior to testing.     

Measuring lysosomal stability as an effective tool for marine coastal environmental monitoring

The use of lysosomal stability in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a potential biomarker of environmental contamination has been evaluated along the Portuguese coast. To this end, the neutral red retention (NRR) time was measured in mussel haemocytes gathered from nine different locations reflecting different degrees of anthropogenic contamination. Mussels collected in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas showed the lowest lysosomal stability. Additionally, no significant seasonal variability (winter-spring/summer) for NRR time was observed. In order to further support the usefulness of this method as an integrated tool for monitoring marine coastal environments, we compared the levels of xenobiotics in mussel tissues with the obtained NRR values. The results highlighted a consistent pattern, with the lowest lysosomal stability intimately correlated with the higher contaminant concentrations. In summary, this integrated approach further demonstrated that the NRR assay can provide useful and objective indications of the real health status of organisms subjected to different stress agents, being a valid option for environmental monitoring.     

粉红色红拟抱球虫在冲绳海槽区的发现及地层意义

近年来,我们在冲绳海槽区进行大量工作.本文就Z14-6孔(27°07′N127°27′E)首次发现粉红色红拟抱球虫,及稳定同位素测定,进行对比研究,证明了Thompson等1979年所提出的粉红色拟抱球虫在印度-太平洋海域灭绝时代在距今120000年左右的观点.     

有机物和海洋碳循环

有机物和海洋碳循环ＮｏｂｕｈｉｋｏＨａｎｄａ大洋是控制大气二氧化碳的决定因素，所以海洋系统中的碳循环以及空气—海洋相互作用引起的二氧化碳转换均集中在体现其化学和生物过程。该过程主要包含由浮游植物光合作用、有机物从表层至深部水的垂直搬运以及其降解作用又...     

基于时刻独立脉冲耦合神经网络的高空间分辨率摇感影像分割

高空间分辨率遥感影像中地物目标内部光谱信息复杂性的增强,使得传统基于光谱特征值的数据处理方法效果不再显著,影像分割为解决这一问题提供了一种思路,成为当前高空间分辨率遥感影像处理的研究焦点.时刻独立脉冲耦合神经网络具有状态相近、空间相邻神经元相互耦合同步脉冲激发和区域之间神经元脉冲激发时刻独立两大特点,已被应用于非遥感影像分割中,并取得较好效果.本文结合高空间分辨率遥感影像特点,通过对网络参数进行实验和分析,提出一个基于时刻独立脉冲耦合神经网络的高空间分辨率遥感影像分割方法,并利用空间分辨率0.3m的航空影像进行了数据试验,将分割结果进行讨论并与现有时刻独立脉冲耦合神经网络方法和ISODATA方法分割结果进行对比分析.结果表明:时刻独立脉冲耦合神经网络在高空间分辨率遥感影像分割处理中具有很好的应用前景.     

顾及地貌特征的矿区地表塌陷DEM的生成方法

地下煤炭资源开采导致矿区地表塌陷和矿区地形的变化,直接由开采沉陷下沉预计数据生成的DEM不能表现矿区地表塌陷后的地形状况。通过在开采沉陷下沉预计程序中增加高程修正计算功能,对矿区原始地貌高程进行下沉修正计算,生成矿区地表塌陷高程数据文件,由该数据文件可以生成顾及地貌特征的矿区地表塌陷DEM。该方法操作和实现简单,生成的DEM精度可靠,能够表现矿区地表塌陷后的地形状况,可以作为矿区地理信息系统的基础数据,对于指导开采沉陷的防治和治理具有重要意义。     

祁阳山字型构造质疑

结合区域构造演化背景及构造变形特征,对祁阳弧形构造的形成机制进行研究。分析表明,传统山字型构造机制难以解释祁阳弧形构造的诸多特征,且前人认为变形动力来源于东西向挤压应力场,也与印支期区域构造应力场实为NWW向的构造背景不符,因此祁阳弧形构造并不属典型山字型构造。基于研究区构造活动的客观实际,提出祁阳弧形构造的可能形成机制:NW向基底隐伏断裂和NNE-NE向主干断裂分别于印支期和燕山期产生强烈左旋走滑活动,从而使区域NNE向构造线在中段产生左旋偏转成为NNW向,从而形成S形的祁阳弧形构造。这一机制可较好解释祁阳弧形构造的若干特征,如关帝庙穹窿呈NWW走向、北反射弧构造形迹不显著、北弧弧顶脱位及内弧曲率大于外弧、南弧弧顶脱位、紫云-中田-高峰串珠状穹窿的形成等。上述认识对华南地区弧形构造研究具有一定启示意义:除山字型构造作用和砥柱作用外,还应注意断裂走滑等其他构造活动对弧形构造的制约,以及多次构造活动叠加对构造形迹可能造成的影响。     

GIS在四川城市环境地质调查评价中的应用

将GIS应用于四川城市环境地质调查评价,建立一套完整的标准,指导全省21城市的数据库建设工作。在数据库的基础上利用MAPGIS二次开发平台,集成四川城市环境地质问题调查评价信息系统,供地方政府和各级管理机构使用。     

搞好生态环境建设，实现经济社会跨越式发展

2001年,梁园区被中国国土经济学会确定为第一批全国中小城市生态环境建设实验区。几年来,我区在中国国土经济学会、全国中小城市生态环境建设实验区指导委员会的关心支持下,通过全区干部群众的共同努力,不仅使生态环境总体恶化的趋势得到有效遏制,一些重要的生态环境指标开始逐渐得到恢复,而且还促进了全区经济社会的健康发展,提升了人们的生活环境质量,生态环境实现了历史性的改观,经济社会发展取得了突破性的进展,实现了生态环境与经济社会发展双赢的目的。     

Regional development in the United States during the 1980s: population redistribution and economic restructuring

The reduction of the rate of growth of the Brazilian population from 3% in the 1960s to 2% by 1993 resulted from a significant reduction of fertility. According to the 1986 national maternal-child health and family planning survey (PNSMIPF) results, 43.3% of women were using some type of contraception: 65.6% of married or cohabiting women. Women relied most on sterilization (17.2%), followed by oral contraceptives (OCs) (17%), the rhythm method (2.8%), the condom (1.1%), and others (5.2%). Only in the south was OC use more prevalent (28.5%) than sterilization (12.2%). The proportion of sterilization reached 27.8% in the north/center-east urban regions. In urban areas sterilization averaged 18.7% vs. 12.7% in rural areas. 26.9% of currently married women in the age range of 15-44 years had been sterilized. A 1990 international estimation indicated that the proportion of sterilization amounted to 36.9% in China, 30.95 in India, 29.7% in Brazil, 47.6% in South Korea, 30.4% in Thailand, and 36.5% in the Dominican Republic. The 1986 PNSMIPF survey also indicated that sterilized women were better informed than other women about contraception. 75% of the former had used OCs, 5% had used the diaphragm, 3% the IUD, 30% the condom, and 35% coitus interruptus at one time or other. The sterilized women had an average of 1.7 more children than those who were using other methods of contraception. 48.6% of women were sterilized before the age of 30, when they had had an average of 3.6 children. 66.6% of the sterilized women who had given birth before the age of 20 had 4 or more live births as compared to 5.9% of sterilized women aged 30 with the same number of children. 47% of women without any schooling were using some kind of contraception vs. 77% of those who had completed secondary school. A multivariate analysis also showed that the age of the mother, the number of live births, the educational status of the mother, and family income were positively correlated with sterilization.