Mineralogical Study of Almandine-Hercynite-Muscovite-Ilmenite Hornblendite Dykes from the Southern Margin of the Gondwana Graben at Richughuta in Palamau District of the Eastern Indian Shield

正Introduction The rectangular block of Proterozoic formation lying between north of the Singhbhum Mobile Belt(SMB,2.3-2.4 Ga,Saha 1994),Neogene sediments of the Bengal basin and the Quaternary-Recent alluvium of the Ganga     

滇西南与花岗岩有关的锡矿床时空分布与成矿作用

滇西锡矿带与全球著名的东南亚锡矿带具有相似的成矿地质背景,其成矿规律与资源潜力一直是研究热点。本文在前人已有研究的基础上,探讨了滇西南锡矿时空分布规律与成矿作用。滇西南锡矿主要分布在腾冲地体、保山地体与昌宁-孟连造山带。已有的年代学数据显示腾冲地体发育三期锡成矿事件,分别为125～120Ma,75～68 Ma,52～47 Ma。本文在保山地体识别出晚新生代(约32～24 Ma)和晚白垩世(约75 Ma)两期锡成矿作用,进一步厘定了昌宁-孟连造山带东部三叠纪临沧花岗岩体中锡成矿时代为三叠纪(约235～220 Ma)。提出滇西南与三叠纪花岗岩有关的锡成矿作用发生于古特提斯洋闭合后碰撞环境,与早白垩世花岗岩有关的锡矿形成于中特提斯洋闭合后碰撞环境,与晚白垩世—古近纪花岗岩有关的锡成矿作用与新特提斯洋俯冲和板片回撤有关,而保山地体晚新生代锡矿则可能与新生代隐伏的新生代花岗岩有关,其侵位可能与走滑断裂活动诱发的软流圈上涌和地壳熔融有关。滇西南含锡花岗岩多为复式花岗岩体中晚阶段的高分异花岗岩(如二云母花岗岩或白云母花岗岩)。保山地体三叠纪花岗岩中的锡矿成矿时代显著晚于赋矿围岩,应注重加强成矿期花岗...     

纤维加筋MICP固化钙质砂的抗拉强度特性研究

针对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积 (MICP)固化钙质砂脆性强、抗拉强度低等问题,通过制备“8”字形MICP固化钙质砂试样并开展直接拉伸试验,对纤维加筋的改善作用、纤维-MICP联合加固机理及纤维掺量、纤维长度等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：纤维加筋能够显著提高抗拉强度、峰值位移和残余强度,减轻峰值强度点的脆性破坏现象,但受纤掺量和长度的影响,总的来说,抗拉强度随纤维掺量的增加和长度的加长呈先增后减的趋势。相比无纤维试样,添加最优纤维掺量（0.6%）时,试样的抗拉强度增长了172.4%,峰值变形提升了158.1%。机理可解释为纤维增加了微生物的吸附量,促进碳酸钙在纤维与钙质砂之间以及纤维表面的沉积,增大纤维与钙质砂之间的界面作用力,整体提升钙质砂的抗拉强度特性。纤维的添加能够显著改变试样的变形特征,无纤维添加试样曲线仅有初始误差阶段和弹性阶段两个阶段,添加纤维后曲线表现为四个阶段包括初始误差阶段、弹性阶段、损伤破坏阶段和残余阶段。纤维掺量影响的内因是纤维与钙质砂的界面作用力和纤维空间分布状态随纤维掺量的变化而变化,纤维长度的影响主要和破坏面附近纤维数量和单位长度所能承担的拉应力相关。研究成果对以钙质砂为地基的岛礁工程的稳定性、安全性具有一定的指导意义。     

Biodiversity and seasonal variation of benthic macrofauna in Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, India

From the Indian coast only limited data are available on the benthic fauna of the seagrass communities. In this study, seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and influence of environmental parameters was explored at four seagrass beds and two mangrove stations along the Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, India, from September 1999 to August 2001. A total of 160 macrobenthic species from eight major groups represented the macrofauna of the Minicoy Island. Of the identified taxa, molluscs 70（gastropods 41.46%, bivalves 7.5%）, polychaetes 27（16.88%）, crustaceans 30（18.75%）, echinoderms 11（6.88%） and remaining others. Average seasonal abundance of benthic macrofauna ranged from 219 to 711 ind./m2, species diversity varied from 1.45 to 3.64 bits per individual, species richness index ranged from 4.01 to 26.17, evenness 0.69 to 1.66. In general, the higher abundance and species diversity was noticed in southern seagrass stations and northern seagrass stations, but in the mangrove stations comparatively low species diversity was observed. Three-way analysis of variance indicated that all communities resulted as being significantly different between seagrass and mangrove station, mainly when the seasonal interaction was considered. Multivariate analyses were employed to help define benthic characteristic and the relationship between environmental parameters at the six monitoring stations. Results of cluster analyses and multidimensional scale plot suggest that for mangrove region, different physiographic provinces, lower salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment biotic structure have a higher influence on the species composition and diversity than other oceanographic conditions.     

Effect of dissolved oxygen on swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm ± 0.25 mm, 7.73 g ± 0.06 g) was examined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen(DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L-1) in a swimming channel against one of the five flow velocities(v1, v2, v3, v4 and v5). Metabolite contents in the plasma, hepatopancreas and pleopods muscle of the shrimp were quantified before and after swimming fatigue. The results revealed that the swimming speed and DO concentration were significant factors that affected the swimming endurance of L. vannamei. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speed at various DO concentrations can be described by the power model(ν·tb = a). The relationship between DO concentration(mg L-1) and the swimming ability index(SA∫ 9000I), defined as SAI =vdt( cm), can be described as SAI = 27.947 DO0.137(R2 = 0.9312). The 0level of DO concentration directly affected the physiology of shrimp, and exposure to low concentrations of DO led to the increases in lactate and energetic substrate content in the shrimp. In responding to the low DO concentration at 1.9 mg L-1 and the swimming stress, L. vannamei exhibited a mix of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to satisfy the energetic demand, mainly characterized by the utilization of total protein and glycogen and the production of lactate and glucose. Fatigue from swimming led to severe loss of plasma triglyceride at v1, v2, and v3 with 1.9 mg L-1 DO, and at v-11 with 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L DO, whereas the plasma glucose content increased significantly at v3, v4 and v5 with 3.8 and 6.8 mg L-1 DO, and at v5 with 13.6 mg L-1 DO. The plasma total protein and hepatopancreas glycogen were highly depleted in shrimp by swimming fatigue at various DO concentrations, whereas the plasma lactate accumulated at high levels after swimming fatigue at different velocities. These results were of particular value to understanding the locomotory ability of whiteleg shrimp and its physiological changes, further contributing to the improvement of capture and rearing technique.     

基于参考DEM的机载InSAR定标方法

研究无人工靶标的干涉定标方法对促进机载InSAR技术在山区等复杂地形的测绘、制图等定量应用有重要的实用价值。本文提出一种新的基于参考DEM的干涉定标方法,在InSAR定标中用已知高程精度的参考DEM与待定标的InSAR系统生成的DEM进行比较,利用参考DEM模拟SAR图像,获得大量定标所需的控制点坐标来建立敏感度矩阵,并对敏感度方程的解算进行了改进,同时将干涉处理与定标过程相结合,改进了干涉处理过程,最后得到定标后的干涉参数并生成DEM,利用机载数据进行了实验验证,并分析了无人工靶标干涉定标实验结果的误差。     

移动测量系统及其在数字城市中的应用

移动测量系统作为一种全新的地理信息数据采集手段可以为数字城市提供多种数据,极大地丰富了数字城市的内容,也为数据的快速更新提供了重要的途径。介绍移动测量系统的特点和原理,分析其在数字城市中的重要作用。     

Baseline of organotin pollution in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from the west coast of India

Organotins, especially tributyltins (TBT) are highly toxic to many marine organisms. These compounds are introduced in marine waters by ship trafficking, ship scrapping activities, as antifouling compounds and sewage disposal. Marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscans are easily prone to organotins contamination. In view of this, a baseline monitoring study was conducted in order to establish the levels of organotins in edible marine fishes, bivalves, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from Mumbai, Goa and Karwar on the west coast of India. At these locations average organotin concentration found in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs was 108, 852, 179, 70 and 89 ng Sn g⁻¹ dw, respectively. In all the samples butyltins dominated over phenyltins. The levels of organotins suggest that all the organisms were contaminated with organotins and their consumption may pose health problems to humans.     

Propagation of seasonal temperature signals into an aquifer upon bank infiltration

Infiltrating river water carries the temperature signal of the river into the adjacent aquifer. While the diurnal temperature fluctuations are strongly dampened, the seasonal fluctuations are much less attenuated and can be followed into the aquifer over longer distances. In one-dimensional model with uniform properties, this signal is propagated with a retarded velocity, and its amplitude decreases exponentially with distance. Therefore, time shifts in seasonal temperature signals between rivers and groundwater observation points may be used to estimate infiltration rates and near-river groundwater velocities. As demonstrated in this study, however, the interpretation is nonunique under realistic conditions. We analyze a synthetic test case of a two-dimensional cross section perpendicular to a losing stream, accounting for multi-dimensional flow due to a partially penetrating channel, convective-conductive heat transport within the aquifer, and heat exchange with the underlying aquitard and the land surface. We compare different conceptual simplifications of the domain in order to elaborate on the importance of different system elements. We find that temperature propagation within the shallow aquifer can be highly influenced by conduction through the unsaturated zone and into the underlying aquitard. In contrast, regional groundwater recharge has no major effect on the simulated results. In our setup, multi-dimensionality of the flow field is important only close to the river. We conclude that over-simplistic analytical models can introduce substantial errors if vertical heat exchange at the aquifer boundaries is not accounted for. This has to be considered when using seasonal temperature fluctuations as a natural tracer for bank infiltration.