CE-QUAL-W2模型在福建山仔水库的应用

利用二维横向平均模型CE-QUAL-W2对山仔水库进行水力学和水质模拟,运用半年野外采样监测和室内实验分析数据校正模型主要参数并进行验证.选取2006年4月7日至6月7日的模型输出模拟结果,进一步运用李祚泳修正的营养状态指数法结合层次分析法对山仔水库出水水质进行富营养化评价,评价结果表明:山仔水库存在富营养化状况,其中5月12日营养状态指数最高,接近80;第一次大规模水华爆发从4月29日持续到6月初.通过设定三种情景(原始流量、降低水位、增加出流量)进行模拟分析表明,降低水位以及增加出流量都有利于改善对山仔水库下游取水口水质.     

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系煤岩生烃动力学研究

应用金管-高压釜装置对采自准噶尔盆地南缘西部煤样JC25和东部煤样JC41进行生烃动力学模拟实验,获取生油、生气量和生烃动力学参数。升温速率分别为2℃/h和20℃/h,实验压力为50 MPa。实验得到两个煤样JC25和JC41最大生油量(以下单位mg/g均表示每克有机碳的生成量)分别为126 mg/g和68.5 mg/g,计算的排油量分别为88.8 mg/g和29.5 mg/g,表明侏罗系煤岩在南缘西部四棵树凹陷较其他区域具有较大的生油潜力。两个煤样最大生气量(∑C1–5)分别为121.6mg/g和112mg/g,差异相对较小。煤样JC25和JC41的H/C原子比值分别为0.85和0.77,类脂组含量分别约为8%和6%,岩石热解(Rock-Eval)参数氢指数(IH)分别为155 mg/g和156 mg/g。实验结果表明, H/C原子比值、类脂组含量比IH能更好地反映煤岩的初始生油、生气潜力。依据生烃动力学参数模拟了地质条件下(升温速率5℃/Ma)的生油和生气过程。煤样主要生、排油阶段的Ro, Easy介于0.80%～1.20%之间。在半开放条件下(发生排油),两个煤样的生气速率比较接...     

OpendTect软件倾角控制模块在地震解释中的应用

OpendTect软件是集地震数据处理、解释和三维可视化于一体的新一代地震资料解释系统,其基础系统平台是完全开放的,可供其他研究机构在平台基础上开发相应的模块^[1]。该解释系统除具备一般解释软件所具有的普遍功能如地震资料属性提取、层位追踪外^[2],基于倾角控制（dip-steering）的中值倾角滤波（media-dip-steering filter）是其优于其他地震解释软件的主要特色之一^[3],经实例验证中值滤波后可以显著提高地震剖面质量,在此基础上做层位追踪或属性提取可以提升确信度。结合应用实例介绍这一核心模块,并交流使用心得。     

苏北新洋港潮滩柱状沉积物粒度分布特征

通过对江苏省新洋港柱状样的粒度参数及典型粒度频率曲线分析,结合柱样剖面颜色变化情况,对柱状样进行不同演化阶段粒度信息的提取,运用粒径-标准偏差进行环境敏感性分析,以了解影响潮滩沉积物分布的动力特征.结果显示,光滩柱样呈现了由光滩-大米草滩-光滩逐渐演化的粒度变化信息,而互花米草滩、盐蒿滩和盐蒿互花米草混合滩柱样分别记录了大米草滩-互花米草滩、盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿滩,以及盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿互花米草混合滩演化的粒度信息,水动力条件的差异与变化导致沉积物水平方向上自光滩-互花米草滩-盐蒿滩逐渐变细,芦苇滩成为独立的系统,基本不受到潮水动力作用的影响,沉积结构十分稳定,植被的引种加剧了潮滩沉积物水平分布的变化,光滩、互花米草滩、盐蒿互花米草混合滩、盐蒿滩的沉积速率分别为2.34、≥3.09、2.45和2.09 cm/a.     

深海潜器耐压圆柱壳结构计算和校核方法研究

文中比较了中美两国潜器规范中各特征量的计算方法和校核准则,分析了异同点,并给出数值算例。针对潜器特性,对目前我国潜器规范中可能需要修改的地方进行了初步分析。     

青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔光合生理特点研究

研究了青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell）J.Ag.色素组成及含量、光合放氧及呼吸耗氧速率、P／R（净光合放氧速率／净呼吸耗氧速率）、抗氰呼吸等各项生理指标。结果表明,该海域漂浮浒苔的各项生理指标都在正常范围内,且有抗氰呼吸的存在,生长状况良好。     

近50年来长江入河口区含沙量和输沙量的变化趋势

为了研究长江入河口区含沙量和输沙量的变化规律,用 Hilbert-Huang 变换对长江大通水文站近 50 a 来的月均含沙量和输沙量时间序列进行分析,以研究它们在长江入河口区的演变特征.结果显示,虽然长江大通站多年含沙量和输沙量与多年径流量之间相关性不显著,但月均含沙量和输沙量仍具有类似径流的周期性震荡特征,即两者均具有显著的季节、洪枯季变化;含沙量具有 26 a,12 a,4 a 和 2 a 左右的周期性变化,输沙量具有 27 a,7 a,4 a,2 a的周期性变化,这些周期性震荡主导着长江入河口区含沙量和输沙量的变化;20 世纪 60 年代到 90 年代和 80 年代中期到 90 年代分别是含沙量和输沙量下降加速的阶段,但 90 年代以后含沙量和输沙量下降呈减缓趋势.     

Low-temperature alteration of oceanic island basalts and their contribution to transition metal circulation of the ocean

The major elements, rare earth elements （REE） and trace elements of four basalt samples from central and western Pacific ferro- manganese crust provinces have been analyzed using chemical methods and ICP - MS, respectively. The results indicate that the samples have been extensively altered and that the contents of their major elements have changed significantly. However, the similarity of REE partition patterns and trace element contents of basalt samples to those of fresh oceanic island basalts （OIB） indicate that the basalt samples originated as OIB. Because of low-temperature alteration, the contents of A1203 , Fe203 , MnO, K20 and P205 increased, while MgO and FeO decreased. Active components, such as magnesium and iron, were leached from OIB resulting in the relative enrichment of SiO2. The leaching of active components can cause the relative enrichment of REE, while the precipitation of LREE-rich ferromanganese oxides in vesicles and fissures not only causes an increase of REE contents, but also induces ＂fractionation＂ of LREE and HREE. Based on the enrichment mechanism of REE contents, the theoretical quantities of precipitated ferromanganese oxides and the depleted quantities of active components are calculated ： the depleted quantities of active components for the unit mass of fresh basalts vary in the range of 0.15 ～ 0. 657, and the precipitated quantities of ferromanganese oxides for the unit mass of fresh basahs vary in the range of 0. 006 ～ 0. 042. Of the major elements, the two most depleted are iron, and magnesium, with 18.28% ～ 70.95% of iron and 44.50% ～ 93.94% of magnesium in the fresh basalts was leached out. Theoretical calculation and geochemistry results both indicate that low-temperature alteration of basalts can supply abundant amount of metals to seawater, and may play an important role in ocean metal circulation.     

A unified C-band and Ku-band geophysical model function determined by neural network approach

The geophysical model function （GMF） describes the relationship between backscattering and sea surface wind, so that wind vec- tors can be retrieved from backscattering measurement. The GMF plays an important role in ocean wind vector retrievals, its performance will directly influence the accuracy of the retrieved wind vector. Neural network （NN） approach is used to develop a unified GMF for C-band and Ku-band （NN-GMF）. Empirical GMF CMOIM and QSCAT-1 are used to generate the simulated training data-set, and Gaussian noise at a signal noise ratio of 30 dB is added to the data-set to simulate the noise in the backscat- tering measurement. The NN-GMF employs radio frequency as an additional parameter, so it can be applied for both C-band and Ku-band. Analyses show that the %predicted by the NN-GMF is comparable with the σpredicted by CMOIM and QSCAT-1. Also the wind vectors retrieved from the NN-GMF and empirical GMF CMOIM and QSCAT-1 are comparable, indicating that the NN-GMF is as effective as the empirical GMF, and has the advantages of the universal form.     

GPS/GLONASS组合导航不确定度评定的稳健加权融合算法

针对卫星导航系统在实际测量中存在大量野值的情况,利用M估计计算各系统污染分布统计特性,应用不确定度评定分配权值并进行融合。通过实例分析该法在模型及算法选择上均具有优越性。