2019年汛期气候预测效果评述及降水预测先兆信号分析

2019年汛期降水呈南多北少分布,主要多雨区位于东北和江南等地。3月发布的预报对江南、西南东部、东北东部、西北中部地区降水偏多和内蒙古中部及东北部的偏少均做了较好预测;5月发布的滚动预测将南方主要多雨中心南移,订正结果与实况更为一致。6月发布的盛夏预报及时加强了对东北地区降水趋势的订正,准确预测了东北地区降水明显偏多的特征。对南海夏季风、西南雨季、梅雨及华北雨季的季节进程预测也和实况一致。但2019年汛期降水预测也存在明显的不足之处：对长江中下游沿江降水异常偏少预测错误;对东北地区多雨的范围和异常程度估计不足。初步分析了2018—2019年冬季青藏高原积雪面积异常偏多、2018—2019年厄尔尼诺事件以及热带印度洋海温持续偏暖对长江中下游降水预测指示意义的失败,并与2018年外强迫信号及大气环流做了简单对比,指出汛期降水和传统影响因子不匹配、非对称的复杂性研究还需要深入开展。     

城市污染对重庆地区雨水酸化影响的观测分析

1987年9月,重庆地区观音桥、江津县城和四面山响水滩雨水样品分析结果表明,三个测点的雨水平均pH都远小于5.60,市区的污染已影响90km外的乡村。雨水酸度、雷达回波移动方向和雨水化学组分浓度分析说明,四面山雨水酸化的污染源为非局地性的。     

四川龙门山地区早中泥盆世孢子化石研究

本文系统研究了四川龙门山地区下泥盆统桂溪组、木耳厂组、观音庙组、关山坡组以及中泥盆统金宝石组的孢子化石,共鉴定孢子41属81种,建立了三个孢子组合带,由下至上分别是:Retusotriletes rotundus—Calamospora panucea(RP)孢子组合、Synorisporites downtoensis—Verrucosisporites scurrus(DS)孢子组合、Densosporites inaequus—Grandispora inculta(Ⅱ)孢子组合。通过与研究较为详细的西欧、北美地区的经典资料,包括老红砂岩大陆、北欧、加拿大等地区,以及国内相关资料的对比,结合特征种的地层分布、重要属种的含量、孢子大小等组合特征,确定RP组合时代为Lochkovian,DS组合时代为Pragian至早Emsian,Ⅱ组合时代为Eifelian中晚期—Givetian早期。这也是首次在金宝石组中发现孢子化石并对其进行研究。另外,通过对孢子直径的统计分析从另一个角度探讨了古植物的演化历程。     

登陆台风卡努(0515)内核区环流结构特征分析

本文采用地基雷达轨迹显示技术(Ground Based Velocity Track Display,简称GBVTD)反演的雷达风场资料,分析台风卡努(0515)在登陆期间近中心环流结构特征.轴对称环流结构分析表明,登陆前卡努轴对称切向风速最大值出现在眼墙区域2 km高度附近,最大风速半径随高度向外倾斜.轴对称径向入流...     

工业部门污染物治理协同控制温室气体效应评价——基于重庆市的实证分析

以高能耗为主要特征的工业部门是大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放源.为推动协同管控,文中结合生态环境部在重庆市组织开展的试点工作,对工业企业NOx污染治理协同控制温室气体的效应进行了量化分析.结果表明,以末端治理为手段的NOx治理措施协同控制温室气体的效果为负,即工业企业去除1 t NOx会直接或间接增加CO2排放1.81...     

星载SAR海洋内波遥感研究进展

星载SAR已成为海洋内波研究的重要技术手段之一.本文回顾了SAR海洋内波遥感研究进展,特别是有关国内外SAR海洋内波的遥感成像机理研究、遥感成像仿真研究和遥感探测研究的发展,同时针对目前SAR海洋内波遥感研究存在的问题和今后有待研究的方向进行了探讨.     

Uncertainty analysis of CO_2 flux components in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation

We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ...     

Main features of regional circulation variation during onset of the south china sea monsoon in 1998

1.IntroductionTheAsiansummermonsoonconsistsoftwosystems,i.e.,theSouthAsianmonsoonandtheEastAsianmonsoon.TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)monsoonisoneoftheimportantsubsystemsoftheEastAsianmonsoon.IthaslongbeenconcernedabouttherelationshipoftheSCSmonsoonwithchangesofthegeneralcirculationandweatherpatternsinadjacentregions.TaoandChen(1987)suggestedthattheonsetoftheAsiansummermonsoonstartsfirstinthenorthernSCSusuallyinmid--May,thenpropagatesnorthwardtothemainlandofChinaandthewesternPacificsouthofJap…     

2000-2018年东亚地区云顶高度的时空变化特征

为了了解区域云顶高度对过去气候变化的响应,基于卫星搭载的MODIS传感器提供的2000年3月至2018年2月MOD03_08_v6.0数据,分析了东亚地区云顶高度2000—2018年的时空变化特征,并探讨其长期变化的原因。研究发现,东亚地区云顶高度呈西南高东北低的特征。云顶高度在东亚地区以0.020 km/a的变率增长,其中大陆东部云顶高度的年际变率为0.035 km/a,东部海域年际变率为0.034 km/a。在东部海域地区云顶高度的变化同海表温度的变化相关性较高,相关系数为0.68,这表明云顶高度的变化受下垫面的影响。在东亚地区30°~40°N区域内,年平均云顶高度的增加较为明显。此外,夏季云顶高度在长江中下游盆地、塔里木盆地、吐鲁番盆地以及四川盆地东北部呈-0.03 km/a的减少趋势,这是由于更多低云的形成降低了云顶高度;冬季云顶高度在东亚地区40°N以北呈下降趋势,而在40°N以南呈增加趋势。     

A Closure Study of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Factor during the 2006 Pearl River Delta Campaign

Measurements of aerosol physical, chemical and optical parameters were carried out in Guangzhou, China from 1 July to 31 July 2006 during the Pearl River Delta Campaign. The dry aerosol scattering coefficient was measured using an integrating nephelometer and the aerosol scattering coefficient for wet conditions was determined by subtracting the sum of the aerosol absorption coefficient, gas scattering coefficient and gas absorption coefficient from the atmospheric extinction coefficient. Following this, the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor, f(RH), was calculated as the ratio of wet and dry aerosol scattering coefficients. Measurements of size-resolved chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and published functional relationships between particle chemical composition and water uptake were likewise used to find the aerosol scattering coefficients in wet and dry conditions using Mie theory for internally- or externally-mixed particle species [(NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NaCl, POM, EC and residue]. Closure was obtained by comparing the measured f(RH) values from the nephelometer and other in situ optical instruments with those computed from chemical composition and thermodynamics. Results show that the model can represent the observed f(RH) and is appropriate for use as a component in other higher-order models.